Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small (~21 nucleotides) endogenous noncoding RNA molecules involved in the posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression. Modulation of gene expression by miRNAs occurs via base-pairing of the specific miRNA primary sequence to its corresponding target messenger RNA, which can be located either in the 3′ untranslated region or within the coding sequence. This pairing can lead to either translational repression or cleavage of the mRNA, resulting in reduced levels of the target protein. MiRNAs are involved in mediating and controlling several interactions between immune and cancer cells and are also important regulators of immune responses. Increasing interest has focused on elucidating the role of miRNAs in the regulation of anticancer immune responses and how this could affect the efficacy of different cancer therapeutics. Indeed, immune responses have both pro- and anti-oncogenic effects, and functional interactions between immune and cancer cells in the tumor microenvironment are crucial in determining the course of cancer progression. Thus, understanding the role of miRNAs in controlling cancer immunity is important for revealing mechanisms that could be modulated to enhance the success of immunotherapy for patients with cancer. In this chapter, we discuss the involvement of miRNAs in the regulation of immune cells and potential therapeutic approaches in which miRNAs are used for cancer immunotherapy.
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Acknowledgments
This work was supported by Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) as well as Cancer Center Support (Core) Grant P30-CA016672 from the National Cancer Institute, US National Institutes of Health, and Department of Defense (DOD) Lung Cancer Research Program (LCRP) W81XWH-21-1-0336 to The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center.
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Veiga, R.N. et al. (2022). Regulation of Immune Cells by microRNAs and microRNA-Based Cancer Immunotherapy. In: Schmitz, U., Wolkenhauer, O., Vera-González, J. (eds) Systems Biology of MicroRNAs in Cancer. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 1385. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-08356-3_3
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