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An Overview of Class II Phosphoinositide 3-Kinases

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PI3K and AKT Isoforms in Immunity

Part of the book series: Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology ((CT MICROBIOLOGY,volume 436))

Abstract

Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) catalyse the synthesis of specific members of the family of lipids collectively known as ‘phosphoinositides’. These PI3Ks products can in turn modulate activation of many downstream proteins, ultimately regulating several cellular processes. Mammalian cells possess eight PI3Ks which are grouped into three classes based on their structure and substrate specificity. While class I and III PI3Ks have been extensively investigated, our understanding of the three class II members has only improved in most recent years. This chapter will summarise some of the available information on mammalian class II PI3Ks and their physiological roles.

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Abbreviations

DAG:

Diacylglycerol

EGF:

Epidermal growth factor

EGFR:

Epidermal growth factor receptor

HCC:

Hepatocellular carcinoma

IL:

Interleukin

LPA:

Lysophosphatidic acid

LPS:

Lipopolysaccharide

MEF:

Mouse embryonic fibroblast

NADPH:

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate

OA:

Osteoarthritis

PI3K:

Phosphoinositide 3-kinase

PtdIns:

Phosphatidylinositol

PtdIns3P:

Phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate

PtdIns4P:

Phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate

PtdIns(4,5)P2:

Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate

PtdIns(3,4)P2:

Phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate

PtdIns(3,4,5)P3:

Phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate

PX:

Phox homology

RA:

Rheumatoid arthritis

TNF:

Tumour necrosis factor

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark Street, London, E1 2AT, UK

    Emily Yan Zhi Heng & Tania Maffucci

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  1. Emily Yan Zhi Heng
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  2. Tania Maffucci
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Correspondence to Tania Maffucci .

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  1. Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK

    Margarita Dominguez-Villar

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Heng, E.Y.Z., Maffucci, T. (2022). An Overview of Class II Phosphoinositide 3-Kinases. In: Dominguez-Villar, M. (eds) PI3K and AKT Isoforms in Immunity . Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, vol 436. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06566-8_2

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