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Brachiopods at Hydrocarbon Seeps

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Ancient Hydrocarbon Seeps

Part of the book series: Topics in Geobiology ((TGBI,volume 53))

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Abstract

Although there is no evidence that extant brachiopods are members of chemosynthesis-based communities, many Palaeozoic and Mesozoic seep- or vent-related faunas were dominated by brachiopods. Brachiopods associated with ancient methane seeps are represented by members of four orders: Lingulida, Atrypida, Terebratulida and, most notably, Rhynchonellida. The oldest brachiopod known from chemosynthesis-based associations is the Silurian, vent-related lingulide Pyrodiscus, distinguished by a very large shell. Septatrypa, found in the Upper Silurian and Lower Devonian, is the only atrypide genus associated with chemosynthesis-based communities. The Devonian to Cretaceous members of the rhynchonellide superfamily Dimerelloidea, with the most famous genera Dzieduszyckia and Peregrinella, were apparently specialized to chemosynthesis-dominated environments, in which they formed dense, monospecific clusters. So far, the best-known terebratulide found at seep deposits is Upper Cretaceous Eucalathis. The controls on the relative success of seep-dwelling brachiopods and bivalves remain arguably the most enigmatic aspect of the pre-Cenozoic record of chemosynthesis-based ecosystems. The constraints on the disappearance of the brachiopod-rich seep communities in the Cretaceous are unclear. Preliminary ideas for the origin of the temporal patterns in the brachiopod vs. bivalve dominance at seeps consider a role of palaeogeographic factors or distinct feeding strategies, but comprehensive models remain lacking.

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Acknowledgments

Special thanks are due to Andrzej Kaim (Institute of Paleobiology), for his encouragement and support during the project and the opportunity to use the photograph of the mass accumulation of Anarhynchia gabbi. We are deeply indebted to the referees, Elisabeth M. Harper (University of Cambridge) and Miguel Manceñido (Universidad Nacional de La Plata), for critical and valuable comments. Sincere thanks are expressed to Krzysztof Hryniewicz and Andrzej Kaim (Institute of Paleobiology), Russell Shapiro (California State University in Chico) and Steffen Kiel (Swedish Museum of Natural History) for discussions on various aspects of the palaeoecology of fossil seep-related brachiopods and bivalves.

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  1. Institute of Paleobiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warszawa, Poland

    Andrzej Baliński & Maria Aleksandra Bitner

  2. Isotope Research Unit, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland

    Michał Jakubowicz

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  1. Andrzej Baliński
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  2. Maria Aleksandra Bitner
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  3. Michał Jakubowicz
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Correspondence to Andrzej Baliński .

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  1. Institute of Paleobiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warszawa, Poland

    Andrzej Kaim

  2. School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA

    J. Kirk Cochran

  3. Department of Invertebrate Paleontology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA

    Neil H. Landman

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Baliński, A., Bitner, M.A., Jakubowicz, M. (2022). Brachiopods at Hydrocarbon Seeps. In: Kaim, A., Cochran, J.K., Landman, N.H. (eds) Ancient Hydrocarbon Seeps. Topics in Geobiology, vol 53. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-05623-9_8

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