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Brachiopods from Ancient Hydrocarbon Seeps and Hydrothermal Vents

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The Vent and Seep Biota

Part of the book series: Topics in Geobiology ((TGBI,volume 33))

Abstract

Brachiopods are well-established as components of ancient ­chemo­synthesis-dominated environments: hydrocarbon seeps and hydrothermal vents. The focus here is primarily on brachiopods recorded from hydrocarbon seeps from the Palaeozoic and Mesozoic although records from the Cenozoic are being reported. In hydrocarbon seeps brachiopods have played a central role forming shell-beds that may be a few meters in vertical thickness and up to a few meters or tens of meters in lateral extent that may contain millions of individual specimens in virtually monospecific accumulations; they may also play a peripheral role as less common components flanking chemosynthesis-dominated environments. Rhynchonellids other than members of the Dimerelloidea are now likely to be associated with chemosynthesis-dominated environments, e.g., Lacunosella. The last dimerelloid recorded from hydrocarbon seeps is Peregrinella; subsequent to the last records of this genus in the Early Cretaceous (Hauterivian) it is the terebratulids that have the most records from ancient hydrocarbon seeps. The number of records of brachiopods from ancient hydrocarbon seeps and hydrothermal vents will no doubt continue to increase. Micromorphic and cryptic brachiopods are virtually unknown from chemosynthesis-dominated environments but their presence can be anticipated from such settings – both ancient and modern.

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Acknowledgements For assistance with this paper in many ways including discussion, donation of samples or photographs thanks to Kathy Campbell, Eberhard Gischler, Jim and Gail Goedert, Steffen Kiel, Iuliana Lazar, Cris Little, Jörn Peckmann, Kris Saether, Francisco Vega. Also many thanks to Steffen Kiel, Jörn Peckmann and an anonymous reviewer for reviews that helped improve the manuscript.

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  1. Department of Geology, University of Dayton, 300 College Park, Dayton, Ohio, 45469-2364, USA

    Michael R. Sandy

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    Steffen Kiel

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Sandy, M.R. (2010). Brachiopods from Ancient Hydrocarbon Seeps and Hydrothermal Vents. In: Kiel, S. (eds) The Vent and Seep Biota. Topics in Geobiology, vol 33. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9572-5_9

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