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The Immunogenetics of Vitiligo: An Approach Toward Revealing the Secret of Depigmentation

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The Immunogenetics of Dermatologic Diseases

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 1367))

Abstract

Vitiligo is a hypomelanotic skin disease and considered to be of autoimmune origin due to breaching of immunological self-tolerance, resulting in inappropriate immune responses against melanocytes. The development of vitiligo includes a strong heritable component. Different strategies ranging from linkage studies to genome-wide association studies are used to explore the genetic factors responsible for the disease. Several vitiligo loci containing the respective genes have been identified which contribute to vitiligo and genetic variants for some of the genes are still unknown. These genes include mainly the proteins that play a role in immune regulation and a few other genes important for apoptosis and regulation of melanocyte functions. Despite the available data on genetic variants and risk alleles which influence the biological processes, only few immunological pathways have been found responsible for all ranges of severity and clinical manifestations of vitiligo. However, studies have concluded that vitiligo is of autoimmune origin and manifests due to complex interactions in immune components and their inappropriate response toward melanocytes. The genes involved in the immune regulation and processing the melanocytes antigen and its presentation can serve as effective immune-therapeutics that can target specific immunological pathways involved in vitiligo. This chapter highlights those immune-regulatory genes involved in vitiligo susceptibility and loci identified to date and their implications in vitiligo pathogenesis.

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to Uka Tarsadia University, Maliba Campus, Tarsadi, Gujarat, India for providing the facilities needed for the preparation of this chapter.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. C. G. Bhakta Institute of Biotechnology, Uka Tarsadia University, Tarsadi, Surat, 394350, Gujarat, India

    Mitesh Dwivedi

  2. In Vitro Specialty Lab Pvt. Ltd, 205-210, Golden Triangle, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, 380009, Gujarat, India

    Naresh C. Laddha

  3. Department of Biochemistry, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, 390002, Gujarat, India

    Rasheedunnisa Begum

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  1. Mitesh Dwivedi
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  1. Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Nima Rezaei

  2. Center for Research and Training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Fateme Rajabi

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This work was supported by grant to Dr. Mitesh Dwivedi {ECR/2017/000858} from Science and Engineering Research Board, Department of Science & Technology (SERB-DST), New Delhi.

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Dwivedi, M., Laddha, N.C., Begum, R. (2022). The Immunogenetics of Vitiligo: An Approach Toward Revealing the Secret of Depigmentation. In: Rezaei, N., Rajabi, F. (eds) The Immunogenetics of Dermatologic Diseases. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 1367. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92616-8_3

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