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Horizontal Natural Product Transfer: A Phenomenon Which Is Responsible for the Widespread Alkaloidal Contaminations of Herbal Products

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Environmental Challenges and Medicinal Plants

Part of the book series: Environmental Challenges and Solutions ((ECAS))

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Abstract

Induced by numerous alarming reports of the European Food Safety Authority on widespread contaminations of plant-derived commodities by poisonous alkaloids (nicotine, pyrrolizidine alkaloids), the origin of these alkaloidal contaminations had been investigated. These studies unveiled that alkaloids, which have been leached out from decomposing alkaloidal donor plants, are taken up by the roots of acceptor plants growing in the vicinity. These insights had been the basis for establishing the so-called horizontal natural product transfer. Meanwhile, it is verified that many other natural products, such as coumarins or stilbenes, are also taken up from the soil by plant roots and then are allocated into the leaves. Recent research revealed that alkaloids are also transferred from living and vital donor plants into plants growing in their vicinity. Moreover, it became evident that in a number of acceptor plants, the imported natural products are modified, whereas in others, they are just accumulated. These modifications comprise hydroxylation, methylation and glucosylation processes analogous to the modifications described for xenobiotics. In the past, it was presumed that these reactions are part of a deliberate detoxification mechanism, denoted as “green liver concept”. But, since the mode and extent of these modifications strongly vary between different plant species, a general and universal mechanism such as the “green liver concept” can be excluded.

Apart from the high relevance for preventing contaminations of plant-derived commodities, the novel insights in the “horizontal natural product transfer” will also impact our understanding of plant-plant interactions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut für Pflanzenbiologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany

    T. Hijazin, L. Lewerenz & D. Selmar

  2. Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Mutah University, Al-Karak, Jordan

    T. Hijazin

  3. Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran

    M. Yahyazadeh

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  1. T. Hijazin
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  2. L. Lewerenz
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  3. M. Yahyazadeh
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  4. D. Selmar
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Correspondence to D. Selmar .

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  1. Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Tariq Aftab

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Hijazin, T., Lewerenz, L., Yahyazadeh, M., Selmar, D. (2022). Horizontal Natural Product Transfer: A Phenomenon Which Is Responsible for the Widespread Alkaloidal Contaminations of Herbal Products. In: Aftab, T. (eds) Environmental Challenges and Medicinal Plants. Environmental Challenges and Solutions. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92050-0_7

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