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Enhanced Nutrient Accumulation in Non-leguminous Crop Plants by the Application of Endophytic Bacteria Bacillus Species

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Bacilli in Agrobiotechnology

Abstract

Endophytic bacteria exert beneficial effects on various crop plants especially the non-legumes, and the effects are carried out in multidimensional mechanisms unlike the biological N2 fixation (BNF) process. They create a conducive environment in the apoplastic area of root tissues as well as in shoot for providing benefits to the host plant. Among the endophytic bacteria, recently, Bacillus spp. are gaining prominence as a biofertilizer and bioenhancer for crop production. A large number of species and strains of this genera have been isolated and identified from the diversified crop plants such as rice, wheat, maize, alfalfa, banana, black pepper, canola, cucumber, clover, oil palm, and apple. Inoculation of plants with these endophytic Bacilli resulted in various beneficial effects on the colonization including better nutrition, improvement of growth, yield, and quality of crop plants. A significant amount of atmospheric N2 is fixed and incorporated into a good number of non-legumes like rice, wheat, maize, banana, oil palm etc. that are confirmed by the 15N isotopic dilution technique. The Bacillus spp. are found in the apoplastic area, produce phytohormone especially auxin, and excrete their fixed N2 as ammonium to the host plant cells. Additionally, these endophytes are also able to enhance the accumulation of P, K, and Ca through the stimulation of cell membrane-ATP-ase activity. The Bacillus spp. are also capable to solubilize complex rock phosphate to a simpler form of phosphate, i.e. dihydrogen orthophosphate and monohydrogen orthophosphate, and help plant phosphorus nutrition. Besides, they produce siderophores, which are very much effective in iron uptake in diversified crop plants. Therefore, the endophytic Bacilli are considered as microbial agents for enhancing uptake and better utilisation of nutrients in different crop plants under normal and harsh environmental conditions. This chapter updates our understanding of nutrient accumulation in non-legumes crop plants by endophytic Bacillus spp.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Soils and Nutrition Division, Bangladesh Sugarcrop Research Institute, Ishurdi, Pabna, Bangladesh

    Gazi Md. Akram Hossain

  2. School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia

    Amir Hamzah Ghazali

  3. Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh

    Tofazzal Islam

  4. Department of Crop Botany, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh

    M. A. Baset Mia

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  1. Gazi Md. Akram Hossain
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  4. M. A. Baset Mia
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  1. Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh

    M. Tofazzal Islam

  2. WVU Extension Service, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA

    Mahfuz Rahman

  3. Department of Microbiology, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India

    Piyush Pandey

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Hossain, G.M.A., Ghazali, A.H., Islam, T., Mia, M.A.B. (2022). Enhanced Nutrient Accumulation in Non-leguminous Crop Plants by the Application of Endophytic Bacteria Bacillus Species. In: Islam, M.T., Rahman, M., Pandey, P. (eds) Bacilli in Agrobiotechnology. Bacilli in Climate Resilient Agriculture and Bioprospecting. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85465-2_16

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