Abstract
The study of exactly soluble field theories has always received a good deal of attention in the hope that they might shed some light on more realistic theories.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
Local boundary conditions are in conflict with chiral symmetry. For example, if ψ obeys hermitian bag-boundary conditions, then γ ∗ ψ does not fulfill these conditions; see the analysis in [7].
- 2.
More precisely: A μ defines a connection on a non-trivial U(1) bundle over the two-torus.
- 3.
The explicit calculation of this factor is done in Problem 16.6.
- 4.
if the global symmetry is non-compact then there exists a variant of the theorem.
- 5.
A slightly different constant 0.4329 in place of 0.451 is given in [37].
References
J. Schwinger, Gauge invariance and mass 2. Phys. Rev. 128, 2425 (1962)
S. Coleman, R. Jackiw, L. Susskind, Charge shielding and quark confinement in the massive Schwinger model. Annals Phys. 93, 267 (1975); L.S. Brown, Gauge invariance and mass in a two-dimensional model. Nuovo Cimento 29, 617 (1963)
J.H. Lowenstein, J.A. Swieca, Quantum electrodynamics in two-dimensions. Ann. Phys. 68, 172 (1971); A.Z. Capri, R. Ferrari, Schwinger model, chiral symmetry, anomaly and θ vacua. Nuovo Cimento A62, 273 (1981)
N.K. Nielsen, B. Schroer, Topological fluctuations and breaking of chiral symmetry in gauge theories involving massless fermions. Nucl. Phys. B120, 62 (1977); M. Hortacsu, K.D. Rothe, B. Schroer, Generalized QED in two-dimensions and functional determinants. Phys. Rev. D20, 3293 (1979)
C. Jayewardena, Schwinger model on S(2). Helv. Phys. Acta 61, 636 (1988)
J. Balog, P. Hrasko, The fermion boundary condition and the θ-angle in QED2. Nucl. Phys. B245, 118 (1984)
S. Durr, A. Wipf, Gauge theories in a bag. Nucl. Phys. B443, 201 (1995)
S. Durr, A. Wipf, Finite temperature Schwinger model with chirality breaking boundary conditions. Annals Phys. 255, 333 (1997)
H. Joos, The geometric Schwinger model on the torus I. Helv. Phys. Acta 63, 670 (1990); H. Joos, S.I. Azakov, The geometric Schwinger model on the torus II. Helv. Phys. Acta 67, 723 (1994)
I. Sachs, A. Wipf, Finite temperature Schwinger model. Helv. Phys. Acta 65, 652 (1992)
R. Narayanan, H. Neuberger, A construction of lattice chiral gauge theories. Nucl. Phys. B443, 305 (1995)
R. Orus, A practical introduction to tensor networks: matrix product states and projected entangled pair states. Annals Phys. 349, 117 (2014); J.C. Bridgeman, C.T. Chubb, Hand-waving and interpretive dance: an introductory course on tensor networks. J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 50, 223001 (2017); S.J. Ran, E. Tirrito, C. Peng, X. Chen, L. Tagliacozzo, G. Su, M. Lewenstein, Tensor Network Contractions: Methods and Applications to Quantum Many-Body Systems. Lecture Notes in Physics vol. 964 (Springer, Berlin, 2020)
M.C. Bañuls, K. Cichy, K. Jansen, J.I. Cirac, The mass spectrum of the Schwinger model with matrix product states. JHEP 11, 158 (2013)
G. t’Hooft, Computation of the quantum effects due to a four-dimensional pseudoparticle. Phys. Rev. D14, 3432 (1976)
E. Witten, Constraints on supersymmetry breaking. Nucl. Phys. B202, 253 (1982)
D.V. Vassilevich, Heat kernel expansion: user’s manual. Phys. Rept. 388, 279 (2003)
P.B. Gilkey, The Index Theorem and the Heat Equation. (Publish or Perish, Boston, 1974)
M.F. Atiyah, I.M. Singer, The index of elliptic operators on compact manifolds. Bull. Am. Math. Soc. 69, 422 (1963); The index of elliptic operators. Ann. Math. 87, 484 (1968); ibid. 546
G. t’Hooft, Symmetry breaking through Bell-Jackiw anomalies. Phys. Rev. Lett. 37, 8 (1976)
J.S. Bell, R. Jackiw, A PCAC puzzle π 0 → Y Y  in the σ model. Phys. Lett. 59B, 85 (1969); S.L. Adler, Axial vector vertex in spinor electrodynamics. Phys. Rev. 117, 2426 (1969)
S. Coleman, The use of instantons, in The Whys of Subnuclear Physics, vol. 15, ed. by A. Zichichi (Springer, Boston, 1979)
R.A. Bertlmann, in Anomalies in Quantum Field Theory. International Series of Monographs on Physics, vol. 91 (Clarendon Press, Oxford, 2000)
A. Fayyazuddin, T.H. Hansson, M.A. Nowak, J.J.M. Verbaarshot, I. Zahed, Finite temperature correlators in the Schwinger model. Nucl. Phys. B425, 553 (1994)
S. Azakov, The Schwinger model on the torus. Fortsch. Phys. 45, 589 (1997)
S. Blau, M. Visser, A. Wipf, Determinants, Dirac operators, and one loop physics. Int. J. Mod. Phys. 6, 1467 (1989); Determinants of conformal wave operators in four dimensions. Phys. Lett. 209B, 2019 (1988)
I. Sachs, A. Wipf, Generalized Thirring models, Ann. Phys. 249, 380 (1996)
A.M. Polyakov, Quantum Gravity in two dimensions. Mod. Phys. Lett. A2, 893 (1987)
R.J. Riegert, A nonlocal action for the trace anomaly. Phys. Lett. 134B, 56 (1984); E.S. Fradkin, A.A. Tseytlin, Conformal anomaly in Weyl theory and anomaly free superconformal theories. Phys. Lett. 134B, 187 (1984); S.D. Odintsov, I.L. Shapiro, Perturbative approach to induced quantum gravity. Class. Quant. Grav. 8, L57 (1991); I. Antoniadis, P.O. Mazur, E. Mottola, Conformal symmetry and central charges in 4 dimensions. Nucl. Phys. B388, 627 (1992)
P. Epstein, Zur Theorie allgemeiner Zetafunktionen I, II. Math. Ann. 56, 615 (1903); 63, 205 (1907)
L. Alvarez-Gaumé, G. Moore, C. Vafa, Theta functions, modular invariance, and strings. Commun. Math. Phys. 106, 1–40 (1986)
S. Blau, M. Visser, A. Wipf, Analytical results for the effective action. Int. J. Mod. Phys. A6, 5408 (1992)
D. Mumford, Tata Lectures on Theta (Birkhäuser, Boston, 1983)
N. Manton, The Schwinger model and its axial anomaly. Ann. Phys. 159, 220 (1985); J.E. Hetrick, Y. Hosotani, QED on a circle. Phys. Rev. D38, 2621 (1988)
S. Coleman, More about the massive Schwinger model. Ann. Phys. 101, 239 (1976)
D.J. Gross, I.R. Klebanov, A.V. Maatytsin, A.V. Smilga, Screening versus confinement in (1+1) dimensions. Nucl. Phys. B461, 109 (1996)
J.V. Steele, J.J.M. Verbaarschot, I. Zahed, The Invariant fermion correlator in the Schwinger model on the torus. Phys. Rev. D51, 5915 (1995)
J.E. Hetrick, Y. Hosotani, S. Iso, The massive multi-flavor Schwinger model. Phys. Lett. B350, 92 (1995)
T. Misumi, Y. Tanizaki, M. Ünsal, Fractional θ angle, ‘t Hooft anomaly, and quantum instantons in charge-q multi-flavor Schwinger model. JHEP 07, 018 (2019)
C. Adam, Massive Schwinger model within mass perturbation theory. Ann. Phys. 259, 1 (1997)
A.V. Smilga, On the fermion condensate in Schwinger model, Phys. Lett. 278, 371 (1992); Critical amplitudes in two-dimensional theories. Phys. Rev. D55, 443 (1996)
C. Gattringer, preprint hep-th/9503137
H. Leutwyler, A.V. Smilga, Spectrum of Dirac operator and role of winding number in QCD. Phys. Rev. D46, 5607 (1992)
V. Azcoiti, E. Follana, E. Royo-Amondarain, G. Di Carlo, A. Vaquero Avilés-Casco, Massive Schwinger model at finite θ. Phys. Rev. D97, 014507 (2018)
T.M.R. Byrnes, P. Sriganesh, R.J. Bursill, C.J. Hamer, Density matrix renormalization group approach to the massive Schwinger model. Phys. Rev. D66 (2002) 013002
S. Durr, C. Hoelbling, Staggered versus overlap fermions: a study in the Schwinger model with N(f) = 0,  1,  2. Phys. Rev. D69, 034503 (2004)
S. Durr, C. Hoelbling, Scaling tests with dynamical overlap and rooted staggered fermions. Phys. Rev. D71, 054501 (2005)
P. Hasenfratz, V. Laliena, F. Niedermayer, The index theorem in QCD with a finite cutoff. Phys. Lett. B427, 125 (1998)
M. Lüscher, Exact chiral symmetry on the lattice and the Ginsparg-Wilson relation. Phys. Lett. B428, 342 (1998)
T.W. Chiu, The Spectrum and topological charge of exactly massless fermions on the lattice. Phys. Rev. D58, 074511 (1998)
N. Christian, K. Jansen, K. Nagai, B. Pollakowski, Scaling test of fermion actions in the Schwinger model. Nucl. Phys. B739, 60 (2006)
M.C. Bañuls, R. Blatt, J. Catani, A. Celi, J.I. Cirac, Simulating Lattice gauge theories with quantum technologies. Eur. Phys. J. D74, 165 (2020)
T. Banks, L. Susskind, J.B. Kogut, Strong coupling calculations of lattice gauge theories: (1+1) dimensional exercises. Phys. Rev. D13, 1043 (1976)
M.C. Bañuls, K, Cichy, K. Jansen, H. Saito, Chiral condensate in the Schwinger model with matrix product operators. Phys. Rev. D93, 094512 (2016)
F. Oberhettinger, Fourier Expansions (Academic, New York and London, 1973)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Wipf, A. (2021). Finite Temperature Schwinger Model. In: Statistical Approach to Quantum Field Theory. Lecture Notes in Physics, vol 992. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83263-6_16
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83263-6_16
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-83262-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-83263-6
eBook Packages: Physics and AstronomyPhysics and Astronomy (R0)