Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Antiviral Agents for Pediatric Ear, Nose, and Throat Infections

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Pediatric ENT Infections

  • 1096 Accesses

Abstract

Viral infections of the upper airway tract are quite common in infants and children. Many types of viruses, mainly respiratory viruses, cause ear, nose, and throat (ENT) infections. Clinically significant respiratory viruses are respiratory syncytial virüs (RSV), rhinovirus, parainfluenza virus, coronavirus, influenza virus, adenovirus, human metapneumovirus, and bocavirus. At the end of 2019, a novel coronavirus, designated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is identified, and it also causes symptoms and signs of acute upper respiratory tract infection (URTI). Respiratory viruses affect all age groups; however, viral infection incidence is exceptionally high in infants and young children, and they have 6–8 infection episodes per year [1, 2].

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 159.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Heikkinen T. Respiratory viruses and children. J Infect. 2016;72:29–33.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Liguoro I, Pilotto C, Bonanni M, et al. SARS-COV-2 infection in children and newborns: a systematic review. Eur J Pediatr. 2020;179:1029–46.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Heikkinen T, Järvinen A. The common cold. Lancet. 2006;361:51–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Patick AK. Rhinovirus chemotherapy. Antiviral Res. 2006;71:391–6.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Ruf BR, Szucs T. Reducing the burden of influenza-associated complications with antiviral therapy. Infection. 2009;37:186–96.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Glezen WP. Prevention of acute otitis media by prophylaxis and treatment of influenza virus infections. Vaccine. 2001;19:56–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Hayden FG. Influenza virus and rhinovirus-related otitis media: potential for antiviral intervention. Vaccine. 2001;19:66–70.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Tan KS, Yan Y, Ong HH, Chow VTK, Shi L, Wang D-Y. Impact of respiratory virus infections in exacerbation of acute and chronic rhinosinusitis. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2017;17:24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Mossad SB. Treatment of the common cold. BMJ. 1998;317:33–6.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Rotbart HA. Antiviral therapy for enteroviruses and rhinoviruses. Antivir Chem Chemother. 2000;11:26171.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Gwaltney JM. Viral respiratory infection therapy: historical perspectives and current trials. Am J Med. 2002;112:33–41.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Mejias A, Ramilo O. New options in the treatment of respiratory syncytial virus disease. J Infect. 2015;71:80–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Esposito S, Mastrolia MV. Metapneumovirus infections and respiratory complications. Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2016;37:512–21.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Mammas IN, Theodoridou M, Kramvis A, et al. Paediatric virology: a rapidly increasing educational challenge. Exp Ther Med. 2017;13:364–77.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Shook BC, Lin K. Recent advances in developing antiviral therapies for respiratory syncytial virus. Top Curr Chem. 2017;375:40.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Infectious Diseases. Recommendations for prevention and control of influenza in children, 2020–2021. Pediatrics. 2020;146(4):e2020024588.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Ison MG. Clinical use of approved influenza antivirals: therapy and prophylaxis. Influenza Other Respi Viruses. 2013;1:7–13.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Rotrosen ET, Neuzil KM. Influenza: a global perspective. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2017;64:911–36.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Uyeki TM. Influenza. Ann Intern Med. 2017;5:ITC33–48.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Heo YA. Baloxavir: first global approval. Drugs. 2018;78:693.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Esposito S, Principi N. Oseltamivir for influenza infection in children: risks and benefits. Expert Rev Respir Med. 2015;10:79–87.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Wang K, Shun-Shin M, Gill P, Perera R, Harnden A. Neuraminidase inhibitors for preventing and treating influenza in children (published trials only). Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;4:CD002744.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Jefferson T, Jones M, Doshi P, Spencer EA, Onakpoya I, Henedgan CJ. Oseltamivir for influenza in adults and children: systematic review of clinical study reports and summary of regulatory comments. BMJ. 2014;9:348.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Winther B, Block SL, Reisinger K, Outkowski R. Impact of oseltamivir treatment on the incidence and course of acute otitis media in children with influenza. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2010;74:684–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Piedra PA, Schulman KL, Blumentals WA. Effects of oseltamivir on influenza-related complications in children with chronic medical conditions. Pediatrics. 2009;124:170–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Whitley RJ, Hayden FG, Reisinger KS, et al. Oral oseltamivir treatment of influenza in children. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2001;20:12733.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Influenza antiviral drug resistance. https://www.cdc.gov/flu/treatment/antiviralresistance.htm. Accessed 20 Dec 2020.

  28. Couturier BA, Bender JM, Schwarz MA, Pavia AT, Hanson KE, She RC. Oseltamivir-resistant influenza A 2009 H1N1 virus in immunocompromised patients. Influenza Other Respi Viruses. 2010;4:199–204.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. McCullers JA. Influenza viruses. In: Cherry JD, Harrison GJ, Kaplan SL, Steinbach WJ, Hotez PJ, editors. Feigin and Cherry’s textbook of pediatric infectious diseases. 8th ed. Philadelphia: Elseiver; 2019. p. 1729–44.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Marty FM, Man CY, van der Horst C, et al. Safety and pharmacokinetics of intravenous zanamivir treatment in hospitalized adults with influenza: an open-label, multicenter, single-arm, phase II study. J Infect Dis. 2014;209:542–50.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. European Medicines Agency. Zanamivir (Dectova®). https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/dectova. Accessed 20 Dec 2020.

  32. Baker J, Block SL, Matharu B, et al. Baloxavir marboxil single-dose treatment in influenza-infected children: a randomized, double-blind, active-controlled phase 3 safety and efficacy trial (miniSTONE-2). Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2020;39:700–5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Deville JG, Song E, Ouellette CP. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): management in children. In: Edwards MS, Torchia MM (eds). Uptodate.com, https://www.uptodate.com/contents/coronavirus-disease-2019-covid-19-management-in-children. Accessed 20 Dec 2020.

  34. Chiotos K, Hayes M, Kimberlin DW, et al. Multicenter interim guidance on use of antivirals for children with coronavirus disease 2019/severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc. 2020;22:piaa045.

    Google Scholar 

  35. World Health Organization. Therapeutics and COVID-19: living guideline. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/therapeutics-and-covid-19-living-guideline. Accessed 20 Dec 2020.

  36. Siemieniuk R, Rochwerg B, Agoritsas T, et al. A living WHO guideline on drugs for covid-19. BMJ. 2020;370:m3379.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Lamontagne F. Update to living WHO guideline on drugs for covid-19. BMJ. 2020;371:m4475.

    Google Scholar 

  38. RECOVERY Collaborative Group, Horby P, Mafham M, et al. Effect of hydroxychloroquine in hospitalized patients with Covid-19. N Engl J Med. 2020;383(21):2030–40.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey

    Nurşen Belet

  2. Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey

    Emin Sami Arısoy

  3. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany

    Stephan Lang

Authors
  1. Nurşen Belet
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Emin Sami Arısoy
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Stephan Lang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Nurşen Belet .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey

    Cemal Cingi

  2. Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey

    Emin Sami Arısoy

  3. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale, Turkey

    Nuray Bayar Muluk

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Belet, N., Arısoy, E.S., Lang, S. (2022). Antiviral Agents for Pediatric Ear, Nose, and Throat Infections. In: Cingi, C., Arısoy, E.S., Bayar Muluk, N. (eds) Pediatric ENT Infections. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80691-0_84

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80691-0_84

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-80690-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-80691-0

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation