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Performance of the Jet Grouted Sloping Berm as a Support to the Diaphragm Wall in an Excavation

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Advanced Geotechnical and Structural Engineering in the Design and Performance of Sustainable Civil Infrastructures (GeoChina 2021)

Part of the book series: Sustainable Civil Infrastructures ((SUCI))

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Abstract

The use of jet grouting to stabilize a sloping berm in an excavation is uncommon. In a pseudo top-down construction project, after the installation of the diaphragm walls, bulk excavation took place at the central part with 1:2 sloping berms formed at the north and south ends, and with 1:2 and 1:4 sloping berms supporting the diaphragm walls at the east and west ends. Bottom-up construction was then carried out at the central core and by top-down construction at the periphery. As the site has a complex history of reclamation and land use, in areas where the marine clays are thick and/or weak, JGCs had to install to improve the stability of the sloping berms. Several rows of 2 m diameter JGGs at 4 m c/c spacing, serving as dowels, were installed through the marine deposits and alluvium with 2 m into reclamation fills above and 0.5 m nominal depth into completely decomposed granite below. Conventional design principles and parameters following the local codes of practices were adopted. The interaction of the diaphragm wall, slope and JGCs was simplified for a two-dimensional PLAXIS model analysis and the probable failure mechanisms were examined. The deflection of the diaphragm wall panels and JGCs, the ground water table in front of and behind the diaphragm walls were monitored as the excavation progressed. In this paper, a representative design section is presented and the performance of the lateral support system is compared with the design prediction. The actual movement of east wall is found larger than the conventional analysis of the movement around an excavation using values of elastic modulus equal to two times the elastic modulus of soil (E), i.e. 2E. This is consistent with the model findings that the mode of straining within the final form of the slope is predominantly by shearing rather than by direct straining. The deformation is therefore controlled largely by the value of shear modulus (G) within the slope, and the use of 2E would underestimate the predicted movement. Indifferently, the actual movement of west wall is close to the prediction using 2E because the sloping berm is wide and the mode of straining of the soil within the slope is predominantly by direct straining instead of by shearing.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. AKOS Geotechnical Consulting Limited, Wan Chai, Hong Kong

    Arthur K. O. So

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  1. Arthur K. O. So
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil Engineering, Architecture & Georesources, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal

    Jose Neves

  2. School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, East China Jiao Tong University, Nanchang, China

    Bitang Zhu

  3. Parahyangan Catholic University, Bandung, Indonesia

    Paulus Rahardjo

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So, A.K.O. (2021). Performance of the Jet Grouted Sloping Berm as a Support to the Diaphragm Wall in an Excavation. In: Neves, J., Zhu, B., Rahardjo, P. (eds) Advanced Geotechnical and Structural Engineering in the Design and Performance of Sustainable Civil Infrastructures. GeoChina 2021. Sustainable Civil Infrastructures. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80155-7_6

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