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The Design Parameters and Quality Requirements of Jet Grout Columns in the Stabilization of a Sloping Bermed Excavation

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Advanced Geotechnical and Structural Engineering in the Design and Performance of Sustainable Civil Infrastructures (GeoChina 2021)

Part of the book series: Sustainable Civil Infrastructures ((SUCI))

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Abstract

Jet grouting is used worldwide but is uncommon in Hong Kong. Few local examples can be found which are used for soil improvement and ground water control. This project is the first time to use jet grout columns (JGCs) to stabilize a sloping bermed excavation for the construction of a basement structure by pseudo top-down method in a reclaimed land. Original design was to install several rows of 2m diameter JGGs at 4 m c/c spacing, serving as dowels, through the marine deposits and alluvium with 2 m into reclamation fills above and 2 m into completely decomposed granite (CDG) below. Diameter and strength are two primary design parameters. Numerous studies and field applications are established for the prediction, but their reliability is strongly influenced by the uncertainties in the mixing uniformity of the grouted materials. Random strength is always produced irrespective of the soil type. The knowledge of jet grouting in reclamation fills and CDG is also inadequate. Trial JGCs were therefore installed, aiming to determine the operation parameters of the jetting and to improve the mixing uniformity of the grouted materials. Proof cores revealed that debris such as artificial materials, soil lumps and cobbles from the reclamation fills above were collected at the bottom of the JGCs and inadequate treatment in the CDG due to the strength and bonding nature of the weathered soil were frequently observed. The design was then revised to 0.5 m nominal embedment into CDG to reflect the quality of JGCs achieved. Working columns were installed and 28 days proof cores were taken to determine the total core recovery, unconfined compression strength, Young’s modulus and failure strain. These values were also found varying largely due to the large variability in the strength of the treated soils and the non-homogeneous nature of the JGCs formed by jet grouting. The results are statistically analyzed and compared with other researchers. In view of the large variation of material properties within the JGC, it is important for the designer to understand how the design system works and how the JGCs are mobilized in order to determine the JGC quality requirements and to optimize the design.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. AKOS Geotechnical Consulting Limited, Wan Chai, Hong Kong

    Arthur K. O. So

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  1. Arthur K. O. So
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil Engineering, Architecture & Georesources, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal

    Jose Neves

  2. School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, East China Jiao Tong University, Nanchang, China

    Bitang Zhu

  3. Parahyangan Catholic University, Bandung, Indonesia

    Paulus Rahardjo

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So, A.K.O. (2021). The Design Parameters and Quality Requirements of Jet Grout Columns in the Stabilization of a Sloping Bermed Excavation. In: Neves, J., Zhu, B., Rahardjo, P. (eds) Advanced Geotechnical and Structural Engineering in the Design and Performance of Sustainable Civil Infrastructures. GeoChina 2021. Sustainable Civil Infrastructures. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80155-7_5

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