Summary and Discussion of Research into Natural and Institutionalised Cluster Organisations: Conclusions

Abstract

The last chapter of the book challenges the theoretical conclusions as well as the empirical findings established in the remaining chapters. Research from theoretical articles shows that the clustering of companies should have a positive effect on the concentration of employees equipped with specific knowledge and skills and should result in lower transaction costs and knowledge spillover among entrepreneurs. Soft, socio-cultural factors supporting the creation of informal partnerships between companies are also significant. Non-codified knowledge linked to a specific regional environment is the main source of competitive advantage in smaller industrial districts and natural clusters. These theoretical postulates were empirically verified with examples of the bijouterie and the glass industry (commodities of utility and other specific glass). The importance of the existence of research institutions cooperating with local companies was verified with the example of the textile industry, in which both a natural cluster and a cluster organisation coexist. A prime motive for clustering is the expectation of innovation. The positive impact of clustering on innovation has been demonstrated in most of the examined industries.