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Overview of Medicinal Cannabis

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Medicinal Cannabis and CBD in Mental Healthcare

Abstract

The plant Cannabis sativa has been in use by humans for thousands of years, medicinally, for food and for various industrial uses. There are hundreds of different strains or cultivars of cannabis, and each has its own chemical profile which helps determine the therapeutic action. The key active constituents of cannabis, the phytocannabinoids and terpenes, are produced within glandular structures called trichomes which grow predominantly on the buds or flowers of the female plant. Two of the main phytocannabinoids are tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD); however, the plant has well over 500 chemical constituents. The ‘entourage effect’ describes the synergism between all active constituents which contributes to the overall therapeutic effect. When used medicinally, cannabis can take several forms including use as a raw or dried herb or in proprietary forms of medicines (e.g. oils or tinctures, oils in capsules and others). Proprietary forms of medicines include whole plant extracts as well as phytocannabinoid isolates, and there are also synthetic copies of THC which are clearly pharmaceuticals. This chapter presents an overview of medicinal cannabis, including its taxonomy, history of use, a little on regulations in the USA, different forms of medicinal cannabis, key active constituents and their therapeutic actions.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Cannabis sativa L. subsp. sativa var. sativa; and Cannabis sativa L. subsp. sativa var. spontanea Vavilov

  2. 2.

    Cannabis sativa L. subsp. indica Small & Cronquist var. indica (Lam) Wehmer; and Cannabis sativa L. subsp. indica Small & Cronquist var. kafiristanica (Vavilov) Small & Cronquist

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O’Brien, K., Blair, P. (2021). Overview of Medicinal Cannabis. In: Medicinal Cannabis and CBD in Mental Healthcare. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78559-8_4

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