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Battling Climate Change: Improving Crop Productivity and Quality by Increasing Photosynthetic Efficiency, Deploying Microbiome Metagenomics, and Effectively Utilizing Digital Technology

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Climate Change and the Microbiome

Part of the book series: Soil Biology ((SOILBIOL,volume 63))

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Abstract

Change in normal environmental conditions is referred as climate change. The activities such as desertification, emissions of toxic gases from fossil fuel burning, increased livestock farming, use of nitrogenous fertilizers, and fluorinated gases are the main causes for global climate change. These activities release huge quantity of greenhouse gases into atmosphere in addition to those that produce naturally. The increased greenhouse gasses cause greenhouse effect and global warming. The temperature and rainfall are important factors from the point of agriculture and are affected due to climate change. The change in temperature and rainfall pattern affect crop growth and increase the chances of pests and diseases outbreak and finally the productivity. The effect of environmental change on agriculture is unevenly distributed across the world and if not addressed appropriately, it may increase the risk of food security in coming days. Increasing the agriculture productivity under changing climate is the need of the hour. Till date, only marginal efforts were made in enhancing the photosynthetic efficiency of crop plants. Biotechnological tools play significant part in improving the plant photosynthesis and the yield. Besides increasing crop’s intrinsic productivity, providing optimum biological environment to the crops is another logical combatting strategy to minimize any adverse effect of changed environment. Plant microbiome is the major component of the biological climate, which denotes the entire genetic makeup of microorganisms live on the soil and plant. The microbiome is unpredictably associated with plant wellbeing and helps in increasing the quality and productivity of crops. The beneficial microbes induce resistance to the plants against pest and diseases, play important role in nutrient recycling, nutrient mobilization. The metagenomic tools help in designing right microbiome to recover the plant and soil wellbeing. The application of digital technology in agriculture will enhance the precision and right prediction. The digital technology can be used to monitor the changing rainfall pattern, temperature, pest and disease outbreak, and databases can be developed for these. The machine learning (ML) algorithms and artificial neural network (ANN) can be used to analyze and process large-scale data. An artificial Intelligence (AI) platform developed by ML and ANN can help further decision making. These biological and digital solutions will bring revolution in the agriculture by increasing the productivity and by minimizing the crop losses. In this book chapter, we are discussing about the role of photosynthesis, microbiome, and digital technology in concern to changed environment and improving agriculture productivity.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Reliance Industries Limited, Jamnagar, Gujarat, India

    P. S. Chandrashekharaiah, Santosh Kodgire & Debanjan Sanyal

  2. Reliance Industries Limited, Navi Mumbai, India

    Santanu Dasgupta

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  2. Santosh Kodgire
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  3. Debanjan Sanyal
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  4. Santanu Dasgupta
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Correspondence to Debanjan Sanyal .

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  1. Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India

    D. K. Choudhary

  2. Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Arti Mishra

  3. Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Ajit Varma

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Chandrashekharaiah, P.S., Kodgire, S., Sanyal, D., Dasgupta, S. (2021). Battling Climate Change: Improving Crop Productivity and Quality by Increasing Photosynthetic Efficiency, Deploying Microbiome Metagenomics, and Effectively Utilizing Digital Technology. In: Choudhary, D.K., Mishra, A., Varma, A. (eds) Climate Change and the Microbiome. Soil Biology, vol 63. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-76863-8_33

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