Abstract
Cancer drug resistance is one of the obstacles in cancer treatment thus leading cause of death in cancer. Drug resistance in cancer means the evolution of tumor cells against therapeutic strategies. In each kind of resistance, every time there is a different pattern of resistivity. Two basic modes of resistance are found in the neoplastic cells that can be inherent or acquired. A large number of factors are influencing these two modes including mutations, efflux and influx variations, tumor cell heterogeneity, microenvironment of the cancer stem cells, microRNAs, long non-coding regions of RNAs, apoptotic failure, and many others. Evolution in tumor cells may be a result of increased ability of DNA repair, alteration in target molecules, involvement of kinase inhibitor, or topoisomerase inhibitors inactivity. It is the need of the hour to utilize other fields of science to avoid cancer drug resistance. Advanced knowledge of bioinformatics, genomics, proteomics, and nanotechnology is the way forward. Drugs with increased efficacy, decreased efflux pumps,high specificity, and targeted effects are required to be developed. Nanocarriers can play a role to avoid cancer drug resistance. Nano dosage of cancer drugs can prove more specific, lesstoxic, and can increase therapeutic effects.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Albertson, D. G. (2006). Gene amplification in cancer. TRENDS in Genetics, 22, 447–455.
Alitalo, K. & Schwab, M. 1986. Oncogene amplification in tumor cells. Advances in cancer research. Elsevier.
Azmi, A. S., Bao, B., & Sarkar, F. H. (2013). Exosomes in cancer development, metastasis, and drug resistance: a comprehensive review. Cancer and Metastasis Reviews, 32, 623–642.
Brito, D. A., & Rieder, C. L. (2009). The ability to survive mitosis in the presence of microtubule poisons differs significantly between human nontransformed (RPE-1) and cancer (U2OS, HeLa) cells. Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton, 66, 437–447.
Burrell, R. A., & Swanton, C. (2014). Tumour heterogeneity and the evolution of polyclonal drug resistance. Molecular Oncology, 8, 1095–1111.
Chen, J., Tian, W., Cai, H., He, H., & Deng, Y. (2012). Down-regulation of microRNA-200c is associated with drug resistance in human breast cancer. Medical Oncology, 29, 2527–2534.
Das, T., Roy, K. S., Chakrabarti, T., Mukhopadhyay, S., & Roychoudhury, S. (2014). Withaferin A modulates the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint by degradation of Mad2–Cdc20 complex in colorectal cancer cell lines. Biochemical Pharmacology, 91, 31–39.
Davies, A. M., Ho, C., Lara, P. N., Jr., Mack, P., Gumerlock, P. H., & Gandara, D. R. (2006). Pharmacodynamic separation of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors and chemotherapy in non–small-cell lung cancer. Clinical Lung Cancer, 7, 385–388.
Davis, J. M., Navolanic, P. M., Weinstein-Oppenheimer, C. R., Steelman, L. S., Hu, W., Konopleva, M., Blagosklonny, M. V., & Mccubrey, J. A. (2003). Raf-1 and Bcl-2 induce distinct and common pathways that contribute to breast cancer drug resistance. Clinical Cancer Research, 9, 1161–1170.
Dean, M. (2009). ABC transporters, drug resistance, and cancer stem cells. Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia, 14, 3–9.
Easwaran, H., Tsai, H.-C., & Baylin, S. B. (2014). Cancer epigenetics: tumor heterogeneity, plasticity of stem-like states, and drug resistance. Molecular Cell, 54, 716–727.
Edwards, S. L., Brough, R., Lord, C. J., Natrajan, R., Vatcheva, R., Levine, D. A., Boyd, J., Reis-filho, J. S., & Ashworth, A. (2008). Resistance to therapy caused by intragenic deletion in BRCA2. Nature, 451, 1111–1115.
Fukumori, T., Kanayama, H.-O., & Raz, A. (2007). The role of galectin-3 in cancer drug resistance. Drug Resistance Updates, 10, 101–108.
Gao, Z., Zhang, L., & Sun, Y. (2012). Nanotechnology applied to overcome tumor drug resistance. Journal of Controlled Release, 162, 45–55.
Gariboldi, M. B., Ravizza, R., Riganti, L., Meschini, S., Calcabrini, A., Marra, M., Arancia, G., Dolfini, E., & Monti, E. (2003). Molecular determinants of intrinsic resistance to doxorubicin in human cancer cell lines. International Journal of Oncology, 22, 1057–1064.
Goldsmith, M. E., Gudas, J. M., Schneider, E., & Cowan, K. H. (1995). Wild type p53 stimulates expression from the human multidrug resistance promoter in a p53-negative cell line. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 270, 1894–1898.
Gonen, N., & Assaraf, Y. G. (2012). Antifolates in cancer therapy: structure, activity and mechanisms of drug resistance. Drug Resistance Updates, 15, 183–210.
Gottesman, M. M. (2002). Mechanisms of cancer drug resistance. Annual Review of Medicine, 53, 615–627.
Hadfield, J. A., Ducki, S., Hirst, N., & Mcgown, A. T. (2003). Tubulin and microtubules as targets for anticancer drugs. Progress in Cell Cycle Research., 5, 309–326.
Hodgkinson, V. C., Eagle, G. L., Drew, P. J., Lind, M. J., & Cawkwell, L. (2010). Biomarkers of chemotherapy resistance in breast cancer identified by proteomics: current status. Cancer Letters, 294, 13–24.
Holohan, C., van Schaeybroeck, S., Longley, D. B., & Johnston, P. G. (2013). Cancer drug resistance: an evolving paradigm. Nature Reviews Cancer, 13, 714–726.
Hu, T., Li, Z., Gao, C.-Y., & Cho, C. H. (2016). Mechanisms of drug resistance in colon cancer and its therapeutic strategies. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 22, 6876.
Hu, X., & Zhang, Z. (2016). Understanding the genetic mechanisms of cancer drug resistance using genomic approaches. Trends in Genetics, 32, 127–137.
Johannessen, T.-C.A., Bjerkvig, R., & Tysnes, B. B. (2008). DNA repair and cancer stem-like cells–potential partners in glioma drug resistance? Cancer Treatment Reviews, 34, 558–567.
Johnson, S. W., Ozols, R. F., & Hamilton, T. C. (1993). Mechanisms of drug resistance in ovarian cancer. Cancer, 71, 644–649.
Joshi, P., Vishwakarma, R. A., & Bharate, S. B. (2017). Natural alkaloids as P-gp inhibitors for multidrug resistance reversal in cancer. European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 138, 273–292.
Joyce, H., Mccann, A., Clynes, M., & Larkin, A. (2015). Influence of multidrug resistance and drug transport proteins on chemotherapy drug metabolism. Expert Opinion on Drug Metabolism & Toxicology, 11, 795–809.
Kars, M. D., İşeri, O. D., Gunduz, U., & Molnar, J. (2008). Reversal of multidrug resistance by synthetic and natural compounds in drug-resistant MCF-7 cell lines. Chemotherapy, 54, 194–200.
Kathawala, R. J., Gupta, P., Ashby, C. R., Jr., & Chen, Z.-S. (2015). The modulation of ABC transporter-mediated multidrug resistance in cancer: a review of the past decade. Drug Resistance Updates, 18, 1–17.
Kaufmann, S. H., & Vaux, D. L. (2003). Alterations in the apoptotic machinery and their potential role in anticancer drug resistance. Oncogene, 22, 7414.
Kim, E. S. (2016). Chemotherapy resistance in lung cancer. Springer.
Kim, D.-S., Park, S.-S., Nam, B.-H., Kim, I.-H., & Kim, S.-Y. (2006). Reversal of drug resistance in breast cancer cells by transglutaminase 2 inhibition and nuclear factor-κB inactivation. Cancer Research, 66, 10936–10943.
Koster, R., di Pietro, A., Timmer-Bosscha, H., Gibcus, J. H., van den Berg, A., Suurmeijer, A. J., Bischoff, R., Gietema, J. A., & de Jong, S. (2010). Cytoplasmic p21 expression levels determine cisplatin resistance in human testicular cancer. The Journal of Clinical Investigation, 120, 3594–3605.
Kovalchuk, O., Filkowski, J., Meservy, J., Ilnytskyy, Y., Tryndyak, V. P., Vasyl’f, C., & Pogribny, I. P. (2008). Involvement of microRNA-451 in resistance of the MCF-7 breast cancer cells to chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin. Molecular Cancer Therapeutics, 7, 2152–2159.
Kumar, A., Singh, U. K., & Chaudhary, A. (2015). Targeting autophagy to overcome drug resistance in cancer therapy. Future Medicinal Chemistry, 7, 1535–1542.
Li, Q., & Shu, Y. (2014). Role of solute carriers in response to anticancer drugs. Molecular and Cellular Therapies, 2, 15.
Ma, J., Dong, C., & Ji, C. (2010). MicroRNA and drug resistance. Cancer Gene Therapy, 17, 523–531.
Majidinia, M., & Yousefi, B. (2016). Long non-coding RNAs in cancer drug resistance development. DNA Repair, 45, 25–33.
Malek, E., Jagannathan, S., & Driscoll, J. J. (2014). Correlation of long non-coding RNA expression with metastasis, drug resistance and clinical outcome in cancer. Oncotarget, 5, 8027.
Mashima, T., & Tsuruo, T. (2005). Defects of the apoptotic pathway as therapeutic target against cancer. Drug Resistance Updates, 8, 339–343.
Matson, D. R., & Stukenberg, P. T. (2011). Spindle poisons and cell fate: a tale of two pathways. Molecular Interventions, 11, 141.
Mcgranahan, N., & Swanton, C. (2017). Clonal heterogeneity and tumor evolution: past, present, and the future. Cell, 168, 613–628.
Miao, J., Du, Y.-Z., Yuan, H., Zhang, X.-G., & Hu, F.-Q. (2013). Drug resistance reversal activity of anticancer drug loaded solid lipid nanoparticles in multi-drug resistant cancer cells. Colloids and Surfaces b: Biointerfaces, 110, 74–80.
Murray, G. I., Taylor, V. E., Mckay, J. A., Weaver, R. J., Ewen, S. W., Melvin, W. T., & Burke, M. D. (1995). The immunohistochemical localization of drug-metabolizing enzymes in prostate cancer. The Journal of Pathology, 177, 147–152.
Natarajan, K., Xie, Y., Baer, M. R., & Ross, D. D. (2012). Role of breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) in cancer drug resistance. Biochemical Pharmacology, 83, 1084–1103.
Nishio, K., Nakamura, T., Koh, Y., Suzuki, T., Fukumoto, H., & Saijo, N. (1999). Drug resistance in lung cancer. Current Opinion in Oncology, 11, 109.
Panasci, L., Paiement, J.-P., Christodoulopoulos, G., Belenkov, A., Malapetsa, A., & Aloyz, R. (2001). Chlorambucil drug resistance in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: the emerging role of DNA repair. Clinical Cancer Research, 7, 454–461.
Parhi, P., Mohanty, C., & Sahoo, S. K. (2012). Nanotechnology-based combinational drug delivery: an emerging approach for cancer therapy. Drug Discovery Today, 17, 1044–1052.
Pastan, I., & Gottesman, M. (1987). Multiple-drug resistance in human cancer. New England Journal of Medicine, 316, 1388–1393.
Pommier, Y., Sordet, O., Antony, S., Hayward, R. L., & Kohn, K. W. (2004). Apoptosis defects and chemotherapy resistance: molecular interaction maps and networks. Oncogene, 23, 2934–2949.
Rebucci, M., & Michiels, C. (2013). Molecular aspects of cancer cell resistance to chemotherapy. Biochemical Pharmacology, 85, 1219–1226.
Ross, D. D. & Nakanishi, T. 2010. Impact of breast cancer resistance protein on cancer treatment outcomes. Multi-Drug Resistance in Cancer. Springer.
Sakai, W., Swisher, E. M., Karlan, B. Y., Agarwal, M. K., Higgins, J., Friedman, C., Villegas, E., Jacquemont, C., Farrugia, D. J., & Couch, F. J. (2008). Secondary mutations as a mechanism of cisplatin resistance in BRCA2-mutated cancers. Nature, 451, 1116–1120.
Salami, J., Alabi, S., Willard, R. R., Vitale, N. J., Wang, J., Dong, H., Jin, M., Mcdonnell, D. P., Crew, A. P., & Neklesa, T. K. (2018). Androgen receptor degradation by the proteolysis-targeting chimera ARCC-4 outperforms enzalutamide in cellular models of prostate cancer drug resistance. Communications Biology, 1, 1–9.
Sinha, B. K. (1995). Topoisomerase inhibitors. Drugs, 49, 11–19.
Suzuki, T., Fukazawa, N., San-Nohe, K., Sato, W., Yano, O., & Tsuruo, T. (1997). Structure− activity relationship of newly synthesized quinoline derivatives for reversal of multidrug resistance in cancer. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 40, 2047–2052.
Swisher, E. M., Sakai, W., Karlan, B. Y., Wurz, K., Urban, N., & Taniguchi, T. (2008). Secondary BRCA1 mutations in BRCA1-mutated ovarian carcinomas with platinum resistance. Cancer Research, 68, 2581–2586.
Tan, K., Mattern, M. R., Eng, W.-K., Mccabe, F. L. & Johnson, R. K. 1989. Nonproductive rearrangement of DNA topoisomerase I and II genes: correlation with resistance to topoisomerase inhibitors. JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 81, 1732–1735.
Todaro, M., Perez Alea, M., Scopelliti, A., Medema, J. P., & Stassi, G. (2008). IL-4-mediated drug resistance in colon cancer stem cells. Cell Cycle, 7, 309–313.
Tsouris, V., Joo, M. K., Kim, S. H., Kwon, I. C., & Won, Y.-Y. (2014). Nano carriers that enable co-delivery of chemotherapy and RNAi agents for treatment of drug-resistant cancers. Biotechnology Advances, 32, 1037–1050.
Twentyman, P., Fox, N., & White, D. (1987). Cyclosporin A and its analogues as modifiers of adriamycin and vincristine resistance in a multi-drug resistant human lung cancer cell line. British Journal of Cancer, 56, 55.
Vouri, M., & Hafizi, S. (2017). TAM receptor tyrosine kinases in cancer drug resistance. Cancer Research, 77, 2775–2778.
Wang, X., Zhang, H., & Chen, X. (2019). Drug resistance and combating drug resistance in cancer. Cancer Drug Resistance, 2, 141–160.
Wang, Z., Liang, S., Lian, X., Liu, L., Zhao, S., Xuan, Q., Guo, L., Liu, H., Yang, Y., & Dong, T. (2015). Identification of proteins responsible for adriamycin resistance in breast cancer cells using proteomics analysis. Scientific Reports, 5, 1–11.
Wood, K. W., Cornwell, W. D., & Jackson, J. R. (2001). Past and future of the mitotic spindle as an oncology target. Current Opinion in Pharmacology, 1, 370–377.
Wong, H. L., Rauth, A. M., Bendayan, R., Manias, J. L., Ramaswamy, M., Liu, Z., Erhan, S. Z., & Wu, X. Y. (2006). A new polymer–lipid hybrid nanoparticle system increases cytotoxicity of doxorubicin against multidrug-resistant human breast cancer cells. Pharmaceutical Research, 23, 1574–1585.
Workman, P., Al-Lazikani, B., & Clarke, P. A. (2013). Genome-based cancer therapeutics: targets, kinase drug resistance and future strategies for precision oncology. Current Opinion in Pharmacology, 13, 486–496.
Yamazaki, R., Nishiyama, Y., Furuta, T., Hatano, H., Igarashi, Y., Asakawa, N., Kodaira, H., Takahashi, H., Aiyama, R., & Matsuzaki, T. (2011). Novel acrylonitrile derivatives, YHO-13177 and YHO-13351, reverse BCRP/ABCG2-mediated drug resistance in vitro and in vivo. Molecular Cancer Therapeutics, 10, 1252–1263.
Yang, Z. J., Chee, C. E., Huang, S., & Sinicrope, F. A. (2011). The role of autophagy in cancer: therapeutic implications. Molecular Cancer Therapeutics, 10, 1533–1541.
Yang, L., Li, N., Wang, H., Jia, X., Wang, X., & Luo, J. (2012). Altered microRNA expression in cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cells and upregulation of miR-130a associated with MDR1/P-glycoprotein-mediated drug resistance. Oncology Reports, 28, 592–600.
Zeng-Rong, N., Paterson, J., Alpert, L., Tsao, M.-S., Viallet, J., & Alaoui-Jamali, M. A. (1995). Elevated DNA repair capacity is associated with intrinsic resistance of lung cancer to chemotherapy. Cancer Research, 55, 4760–4764.
Zhang, H., & Mccarty, N. (2017). Tampering with cancer chemoresistance by targeting the TGM2-IL6-autophagy regulatory network. Autophagy, 13, 627–628.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Fatima, B. et al. (2021). Drug Resistance in Cancer. In: Ahmed, S., Chandra Ojha, S., Najam-ul-Haq, M., Younus, M., Hashmi, M.Z. (eds) Biochemistry of Drug Resistance. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-76320-6_13
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-76320-6_13
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-76319-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-76320-6
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)