Abstract
Development and application of nanomaterials, specifically metal-containing nanoparticles (Me-NPs), are rapidly increasing in various technology and industry sectors, especially in medicine. Most frequently, these Me-NPs contain zinc (Zn), titanium (Ti), silver (Ag), copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), as well as some other metals or their cations, noted in the Introduction. Therefore, the evaluation of the bioavailability of these particles seems to be crucial for understanding of the mechanisms of their activity and general toxicity. Broadening of their utilization also leads to the environmental pollution. Aquatic organisms are not only suitable experimental models for elucidation of the impact of the Me-NPs on biological systems, but also frequent evident targets of their toxic action. Biological effects of the Me-NPs can be realized by nanoparticles per se or by their constituents released after the biodestruction. Metallothioneins (MTs) are low molecular weight proteins uniquely composed of ~30% of cysteine that are widely distributed in all animal species. They bind cations of transition/post-transition metals, mainly Zn, Cd, and Cu, and participate in their distribution within the cell. Besides, they act as highly inducible stress proteins. Therefore, the evaluation of the expression and metal-binding function of MTs might be important for the analysis of the biodestruction of the Me-NPs. MTs as highly reactive thiols can also be involved in the scavending of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by Me-NPs. On the contrary, there were attempts to define MTs response on the application of Me-NPs.
In this chapter, the role of MTs responses to the Me-NPs in the aquatic and other organisms was evaluated taking into account the previous experience of the authors and data reviewed in literature. More detailed attention was paid to the analysis of such responses in invertebrates, fish, and amphibia. The effects of the Me-NPs at the combined exposures have been also characterized. Results have shown that the ability of MTs to release metals from the nanoparticles is particular for different nanoparticles (n-ZnO, n-TiO2, Zn- or Co-containing nanonized vinyl-pyrrolidone-derived polymeric substances) and dependent on the animal species: bivalve mollusk, cyprinidae fish, and frog. Thus, the role of the MTs system of the aquatic and other organisms should be considered to monitor the environmental consequences of water pollution with the Me-NPs.
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Abbreviations
- Me-NPs:
-
Metal-containing nanoparticles
- MTs:
-
Metallothioneins
- MT-SH:
-
MTs protein total concentration
- QDs:
-
Quantum dots
- TPPs:
-
Thermal power plants
- Zn, Cu, Cd-MTs:
-
Metalated metallothioneins
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Acknowledgments
In this chapter, the results of scientific projects accomplished under the supervision of Rostyslav Stoika (Award from Ukrainian National Academy of Science # 34-10, 2010-2014) and Oksana Stoliar (Awards from Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine # 125B, # 130B, № М/4-2013 and U.S. Civilian Research and Development Foundation (CRDF) UKB1-7109-TE-13) are mentioned. Oksana Stoliar is particularly grateful to Prof Reinhard Dallinger (Austria) and Prof Inna Sokolova (USA, Germany) for their support during the accomplishing of bilateral projects, and to long-term team members who continue collaboration according to the rules of fair play. We thank Dr. Sci. Olexandr Zaichenko and Dr. Sci. Natalia Mitina (Lviv Polytechnic National University, Ukraine) for their assistance with the synthesis and physicochemical characterization of the nanoparticles utilized in the study (Sects. 3.2, 3.3, 3.4).
The experiments described in the Sects. 3.2, 3.3, 4.3 were performed in accordance with the national and institutional guidelines for the protection of animal welfare with permission of the Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of Ukraine, No 466/17.04.2013 and approval of the Committee on the Bio-Ethics at Ternopil National Pedagogical University (No 2/10.06.2013).
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Stoliar, O., Stoika, R. (2022). Metallothioneins’ Responses on Impact of Metal-Based Nanomaterials for Biomedical Use. In: Stoika, R.S. (eds) Biomedical Nanomaterials. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-76235-3_10
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