Abstract
Arsenic accumulation in rice grains is a serious public health concern worldwide. Developing arsenic-depleted rice varieties is an effective solution to minimize arsenic exposure through food. Recently, progress has been made in understanding arsenic soil uptake, subsequent transport from root to shoot to grains, vacuolar sequestration and detoxification of arsenic in rice. Many genes controlling major physiological processes such as arsenic speciation within plants have been cloned and characterized. Quantitative trait loci responsible for arsenic accumulation have been identified from several crosses. Transcriptome studies have elucidated the roles of transcription factors, small and micro-RNAs, including long non-coding RNAs in genetic regulation of arsenic stress response in rice. Here we review arsenic uptake, speciation, vacuolar sequestration and transport within plants, including identification of genes controlling each step. We discuss the variation and genetic basis of arsenic accumulation including quantitative trait loci mapping, and the role of transcription factors and small and micro-RNAs in genetic regulation of arsenic stress response. Finally, we discuss the strategies for developing low grain-arsenic rice varieties emphasizing on marker assisted breeding. We also discuss the progress in transgenic approach including its limitations, and the possible applications of genome editing for reducing arsenic accumulation in rice grains.
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Abbreviations
- ArsM:
-
Arsenic methyltransferase
- AtABCC1:
-
Arabidopsis thaliana ATP binding cassette C type 1
- AtABCC2:
-
Arabidopsis thaliana ATP binding cassette C type 2
- AtINT2:
-
Arabidopsis thaliana Inositol transporter 2
- AtINT4:
-
Arabidopsis thaliana Inositol transporter 4
- AtPHF1:
-
Arabidopsis thaliana phosphate transporter traffic facilitator 1
- cdPCS1:
-
Ceratophylium demersum phytochetalin synthase 1
- CRISPR/Cas:
-
Clustered regularly interspersed short palindromic repeats/CRISPR associated protein
- lncRNA:
-
Long non-coding RNA
- Lsi1:
-
Low inorganic silicon 1
- Lsi2:
-
Low inorganic silicon 2
- MATE:
-
Multidrug and toxic compound extrusion proteins
- OsABCC1:
-
Oryza sativa ATP binding cassette C type 1
- OsABCC7:
-
Oryza sativa ATP binding cassette C type 7
- OsARM1:
-
Oryza sativa arsenite-responsive myeloblastosis 1
- OsHAC1;1:
-
Oryza sativa high arsenic content 1;1
- OsHAC1;2:
-
Oryza sativa high arsenic content 1;2
- OsHAC4:
-
Oryza sativa high arsenic content 4
- OsNIP1;1:
-
Oryza sativa nodulin 26- like intrinsic protein 1;1
- OsNIP3;3:
-
Oryza sativa nodulin 26- like intrinsic protein 3;3
- OsNRAMP1:
-
Oryza sativa natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1
- OsPHF1:
-
Oryza sativa phosphate transporter traffic facilitator 1
- OsPHR2:
-
Oryza sativa phosphate starvation response 2
- OsPHT8:
-
Oryza sativa inorganic phosphate transporter 8
- OsPIP2;4:
-
Oryza sativa plasma membrane intrinsic protein 2;4
- OsPIP2;6:
-
Oryza sativa plasma membrane intrinsic protein 2;6
- OsPIP2;7:
-
Oryza sativa plasma membrane intrinsic protein 2;7
- OsPT4:
-
Oryza sativa phosphate transporter 4
- OsPTR7:
-
Oryza sativa putative peptide transporter 7
- Pht1:
-
Inorganic phosphate transporter 1
- ppmv:
-
Parts per million by volume
- ScYCF1:
-
Sccharomyces cerevisiae metal resistance protein 1
- WaarsM:
-
Westerdyella aurantiaca arsenic methyltransferase
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The authors are thankful to Indian Council of Agricultural Research - Niche Area of Excellence, Government of India for generous funding.
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Das, D., Bhattacharyya, S. (2021). Reducing Arsenic Accumulation in Rice Using Physiology, Genetics and Breeding. In: Lichtfouse, E. (eds) Sustainable Agriculture Reviews 52. Sustainable Agriculture Reviews, vol 52. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73245-5_2
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