Abstract
Electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a non-invasive approach to characterize the electrical properties such as resistance and capacitance of many materials including biological tissues. For measurement, the plasma membrane acts as an electrical insulator that controls the movement of ions and electrolytes across the cells. Under application of a voltage to a tissue, an electric current flows through cell walls, from cell to cell and in fluids, giving rise to an electrical impedance. The magnitude of the impedance and its phase angle can be measured at multiple frequencies using an analyzer. Here we review EIS theory, instrumentation, application, model validation and data assimilation for studying of physiological and biochemical changes in biological tissues. EIS thus allows to understand cellular and synthetic membranes, cell biophysics and ionic systems. Ions are the main current carriers inducing the impedance inside tissues. The symplastic and apoplastic resistances form a parallel impedance circuitry at a given frequency. EIS allows to assess physiological attributes, leaf water content, root size and fruit quality traits. Impedance dispersions are described using Nyquist graphs. Best fitting circuit parameters can be optimized.
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Abbreviations
- C:
-
capacitance
- DCE:
-
distributed circuit element
- EIS:
-
electrical impedance spectroscopy
- R:
-
resistance
- R1:
-
Extracellular resistance
- R2:
-
intracellular resistance
- C1:
-
extracellular capacitance
- C2:
-
intracellular capacitance
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Hussain, M.I., El-Keblawy, A., Akhtar, N., Elwakil, A.S. (2021). Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy in Plant Biology. In: Lichtfouse, E. (eds) Sustainable Agriculture Reviews 52. Sustainable Agriculture Reviews, vol 52. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73245-5_12
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