Abstract
This chapter describes what transpires in the initial assessment phase on which some of the consultant’s later suggestions and interventions may be predicated. It discusses and critiques various evaluation and assessment instruments utilized in consulting with the family businesses as an organization and the specific individuals and family members involved. The effective use of the assessment information in family consultation is described. Such relevant factors as educational and cultural background and language(s) spoken by those being assessed are to be considered when selecting the assessment instruments that will provide the data being sought by the consultant.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Adizes, I. (1988). Corporate lifecycles. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Aldamiz-EchevarrÃa, C., IdÃgoras, I., & Vicente-Molina, M. A. (2017). Gender issues related to choosing the successor in the family business. European Journal of Family Business, 7, 54–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejfb.2017.10.002.
Allen, N. J., & Meyer, J. P. (1990). The measurement and antecedents of affective, continuance and normative commitment to the organization. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 63(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8325.1990.tb00506.x.
Alves, C. A., & Gama, A. P. M. (2020). Family business performance: A perspective on family influence. Review of Business Management, 22(1), 163–182. https://doi.org/10.7819/rbgn.v22i1.4040.
Bennett, J., & Grant, N. S. (2016). Using an ecomap as a tool for qualitative data collection in organization. New Horizons in Adult Education and Human Resource Development, 28(2), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1002/nha3.20134.
Berrone, P., Cruz, C., & Gomez-Mejia, L. F. (2012). Social-emotional wealth in families. Family Business Review, 25(3), 258–279. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894486511435355.
Bjornberg, A., & Nigel, N. (2007). The family climate scales. Family Business Review, 20(3), 229–246. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.2007.00098.x.
Campbell, R. J., Jeong, S.-H., & Graffin, S. D. (2019). Born to take risk? The effect of CEO birth order on strategic risk, taking. Academy of Management Journal, 62(4), 1278–1306. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2017.0790.
Campopiano, G., De Massis, A., & Chirico, F. (2014). Firm philanthropy in small- and medium-sized family firms: The effects of family involvement in ownership and management. Family Business Review, 27(3), 244–258. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894486514538450.
Carlock, R., & Ward, J. (2010). When family businesses are best: The parallel planning process for family harmony and business success. New York: Palgrave.
Carr, J., DeMassis, A., & Pearson, A. (2018). Reflections on the F-PEC scale of family influence. Family Business Review, 31(2), 198–199. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894486518774979.
Chirico, F., Sirmon, D. G., Sciascia, S. & Mazzola, P. (2011). Entreprenurial orientation, generational involvement and participative strategy in family firms. Academy of Management Proceedings, 2011(1). https://doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2011.65870630
Craig, J. B., Dibrell, C., Neubaum, D. O., & Thomas, C. H. (2017). Stewardship climate scale: Measurement and an assessment of reliability and validity. Academy of Management Proceedings, 2011(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2011.65869743.
Danes, S. M., Rueter, M. A., Kwon, H. K., & Doherty, W. (2002). Family FIRO model: An application to family business. Family Business Review, 15(1), 31–43. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.2002.00031.x.
Danes, S. M., Zuiker, V., & Arbuthnot, J. (1999). Predictors of family business tensions and goal achievement. Family Business Review, 12(3), 241–252. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.1999.00241.x.
Denison, D., Lief, C., & Ward, J. L. (2004). Culture in family-owned enterprises: Recognizing and leveraging unique strengths. Family Business Review, 17(1), 61–70. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.2004.00004.x.
Eddleston, K. A., Kellermanns, F. W., & Zellweger, T. M. (2012). Exploring the entrepreneurial behavior of family firms: Does the stewardship perspective explain differences? Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 36, 347–367. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2010.00402.x.
Edmondson, A. C. (2019). The fearless organization. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
Epstein, N. B., & Falconier, M. K. (2017). Communication training in couple and family therapy. In J. Lebow, A. Chambers & D. Breunlin (Eds.) Encyclopedia of couple and family therapy. New York: Springer. Retrieved on 6/9/2020 from https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007%2F978-3-319-15877-8_100-1
Family Adaptability and Cohesion Scale IV (FACES-IV). Retrieved on 4/3/2020 from https://www.statisticssolutions.com/family-adaptability-and-cohesion-scale-iv-faces-iv/
Frank, H., Kessler, A., Rusch, T., Suess-Reyes, J., & Weismeier-Sammer, D. (2016). Capturing the familiness of family businesses: Development of the family influence familiness scale (FIFS). Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 41(5), 709–742. https://doi.org/10.1111/etap.12229.
Gersick, K. E. (1992). Ethnicity and organizational forms: An interview with William Ouchi. Family Business Review, 5(4), 417–436. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.1992.00417.x.
Gersick, K. E., Lansberg, I., Desjardins, M., & Dunn, B. (1999). Stages and transitions: Managing change in the family business. Family Business Review, 12(4), 287–297. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.1999.00287.x.
Gray, D. (2020). What is WYSIATI in our profession. Family Firm Practitioner. Retrieved 5/23/2020 from https://ffipractitioner.org/what-is-wysiati-in-our-profession-some-observations-and-a-suggestion/
Haberman, H., & Danes, S. (2007). Father-daughter and father-son family business management transfer comparison: Family FIRO model application. Family Business Review, 20, 163–184. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.2007.00088.x.
Hartman, R. S. (2011). The structure of value: Foundations of scientific axiology. Wipf & Stock Publishers. (Original work published 1967).
Hauck, J., Suess-Reyes, J., Beck, S., Prugl, R., & Frank, H. (2016). Measuring socioemotional wealth in family-owned and -managed firms: A validation and short form of the FIBER Scale. Journal of Family Business Strategy, 7(3), 133–148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfbs.2016.08.001.
Holt, D., Madison, K., & Kellermanns, F. (2016). Variance in family members’ assessments: The importance of dispersion modeling in family firm research. Family Business Review, 30(1), 61–83. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894486516673700.
Holt, D. T., Pearson, A. W., Carr, J. C., & Barnett, T. (2017). Family firm(s) outcomes model: Structuring financial and nonfinancial outcomes across the family and firm. Family Business Review, 30(2), 182–202. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894486516680930.
Holt, D. T., Rutherford, M. W., & Kuratko, D. F. (2010). Advancing the field of family business research: Further testing the measurement properties of the F-PEC. Family Business Review, 23(1), 76–88. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894486518778172.
Josefy, M. A., Harrison, J. S., Sirmon, D. G., & Carnes, C. (2017). Living and dying: Synthesizing the literature on firm survival and failure across stages of development. Academy of Management Annals, 11(2), 770–799. https://doi.org/10.5465/annals.2015.0148.
Kanning, U. P., & Hill, A. (2013). Validation of the Organizational Commitment Questionnaire (OCQ) in six languages. Journal of Business and Media Psychology, 4(2), 11–22. https://doi.org/10.20319/pijss.2019.52.4452.
Kaslow, F. (1995). Projective genogramming (Practitioner’s Resource series). Sarasota, FL: Resource Press.
Kelleci, R., Lambrechts, F., Voordeckers, W., & Huybrechts, J. (2018). CEO personality: A different perspective on the nonfamily versus family CEO debate. Family Business Review, 32(1), 31–57. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894486518811222.
Klein, S. B., Astrachan, J., & Smyrnios, K. X. (2005). The F-PEC scale of family influence: A proposal for solving the family business definition problem. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 29(3), 321–339. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2005.00086.x.
Konopaski, M., Jack, S., & Hamilton, E. (2015). How family business members learn about continuity. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 14(3), 347–364. https://doi.org/10.5465/amle.2014.0244.
Lambrecht, J., & Lievens, J. (2008). Pruning the family tree: An unexplored path to family business continuity and family harmony. Family Business Research, 21(4), 295–313. https://doi.org/10.1177/08944865080210040103.
Landsberg, I., & Gersick, K. (2015). Educating family business owners: The fundamental intervention. The Academy of Management Learning and Education, 14(3), 400–413. https://doi.org/10.5465/amie.2014.0254.
Le Breton-Miller, I., & Miller, D. (2015). Learning stewardship in family firms: For family, by family, across the life cycle. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 14(3), 386–399. https://doi.org/10.5465/amle.2014.0131.
Lee, J. (2006). Impact of family relationships on attitudes of the second generation in family business. Family Business Review, 19(3), 175–191. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.2006.00069.x.
Levin, L., Bozer, G., & Charmine, H. (2008). Executive coaching in a family business environment. The Business Review, Cambridge, 9(20), 200–211. Retrieved on 6/12/2020 from https://www.academia.edu/4016084/Executive_coaching_in_a_family_business_environment
Lumpkin, G. T., Martin, W., & Vaughn, M. (2008). Family orientation: Individual-level influences on family firm outcomes. Family Business Review, 21(2), 127–138. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.2008.00120.x.
Marston, W. M. (2015). Emotions of normal people. Poland: Warsaw, Andesite Press.
McGoldrick, M., Gerson, R., & Shellenberger, S. W. (1999). Genogram: Assessment and intervention (2nd ed.). New York: W.W. Norton.
McGoldrick, M., & Shibusawa, T. (2012). The family life cycle. In F. Walsh (Ed.), Normal family processes: Growing diversity and complexity. New York: The Guilford Press.
McNamee, S. (2020). Relational research in transforming practices. In M. Ochs, M. Borcsa, & J. Schweitzer (Eds.), Systemic research in individual, couple, and family therapy and counseling (pp. 115–124). Cham, Switzerland: Springer.
Meyer, E. (2014). The culture map: Breaking through the invisible boundaries of global business. New York: Public Affairs.
Miller, S. P. (2014). Next-generation leadership development in family businesses: The critical roles of shared vision and family climate. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01335.
Mowday, R. T., Steers, R. M., & Porter, L. W. (1979). The measurement of organizational commitment. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 14(2), 224–247. https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-8791(79)90072-1.
Nason, R., & Habbershon, T. (2006). Babson global STEP project, STEP European observational booklet. file:///Users/lillifriedland/Downloads/stepsumrep_22.pdf
Neubaum, D. O., Thomas, C. H., Dibrell, C., & Craig, J. B. (2017a). Stewardship climate scale: An assessment of reliability and validity. Family Business Review, 30(1), 37–60. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894486516673701.
Neubaum, D. O., Thomas, C. H., Dibrell, C. H., & Craig, J. B. (2017b). Stewardship climate scale. Family Business Review, 30(1), 37–60. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894486516673701.
Olson, D. H. (2019). FACES IV. In J. L. Lebow, A. L. Chambers, & D. C. Breunlin (Eds.), Encyclopedia of couple and family therapy. Cham, Switzerland: Springer.
Olson, D. H., Waldvogel, L., & Schlieff, M. (2019). Circumplex model of marital and family systems: An update. Journal of Family Theory & Review, 11, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1111/jftr.12331.
Pieper, T. M., Williams, R. I., Jr., Manley, S. C., & Matthews, L. M. (2019). What time may tell: An exploratory study of the relationship between religiosity, temporal orientation, and goals in family business. Journal of Business Ethics, 163, 759. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-019-04386-3.
Policarpio-Gutierrez, M. (2018). The draw a family picture test (DAFT): A new projective test for children. Open Journal of Social Sciences, 6(8), 171–178. https://doi.org/10.4236/jss.2018.68013.
Porter, L. W., Steers, R. M., Mowday, R. T., & Boulian, P. V. (1974). Organizational commitment, job satisfaction, and turnover among psychiatric technicians. Journal of Applied Psychology, 59(5), 603–609. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0037335.
Rau, S. B., Astrachan, J. H., & Smyrnios, K. X. (2005). The F-PEC scale of family influence: Construction, validation, and further implication for theory. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 29(3), 321–339. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2005.00086.x.
Rieg, T., Rau, S. B., & Kellermanns, F. W. (2015). Measuring the family: Development of scales for assessment of business-owning families. Proceedings of the American Association of Management. Retrieved 4/25/2020 from https://doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2015.112
Rowe, W. G., Cannella, A. A., Jr., Rankin, D., & Gorman, D. (2005). Leader succession and organizational performance: Integrating the common-sense, ritual scapegoating, and vicious-circle succession theories. The Leadership Quarterly, 16, 197–219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2005.01.001.
Salvato, S., Chirico, F., Melin, L., & Seidl, D. (2019). Coupling family business research and organizational studies. Organization Studies, 36(9), 775–791. https://doi.org/10.1177/0170840619841402.
Schein, E. (1995). The role of the founder in creating organizational culture. Family Business Review, 8(3), 221–238. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.1995.00221.x.
Stanley, L. J., Hernández-Linares, R., Concepción López-Fernández, M., & Kellermanns, F. (2019). A typology of family firms: An investigation of entrepreneurial orientation and performance. Family Business Review, 32(2), 174–194. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894486519838120.
Strike, V. M. (2012). Advising the family firm. Family Business Review, 25(2), 156–177. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894486511431257.
Thomas, V., & Olson, D. H. (1993). Problem families and the circumplex model: Observational assessment using the clinical rating scale (CRS). Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 19(2), 159–175. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-0606.1993.tb00975.x.
Walsh, F. (2016). Family resilience: Developmental systems framework. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 13(3), 313–324. https://doi.org/10.1080/17405629.2016.1154035.
Ward, J. (1997). Growing the family business: Special challenges and best practices. Family Business Review, 10, 323–337. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.1997.00323.x.
Watson, R. (2020). In: D. Olson, L. Waldvogel, & M. Schlieff. Circumplex model of marital and family systems: An update. Journal of Family Theory & Review, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1111/jftr.12331
Whiteside-Mansell, L., Bradley, R., Conners, N., & Bokony, P. (2007). The family map: Structure family interview to identify risks and strengths in head start families. NHSA Dialog, 10(3–4), 189–209. https://doi.org/10.1080/15240750701742239.
Wiatt, R., & Marshall, M. (2017). FB-BRAG: A tool for assessing family business functioning. Journal Editorial Office, joe-ed@joe.org.55(5)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Kaslow, F.W., Friedland, L. (2021). Evaluation and Assessment in Family Business Consulting. In: Consultation to Family Business Enterprises. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72022-3_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72022-3_4
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-72021-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-72022-3
eBook Packages: Behavioral Science and PsychologyBehavioral Science and Psychology (R0)