Abstract
The chapter reviews applications of pulsed electric fields (PEF) for the efficient extraction of intercellular components from food plants. Mechanisms of cell membrane permeabilization by PEF including electroporation of plane membranes, spherical cells, cells with different shapes and sizes, and ensembles of cells and plant tissues are discussed. Different techniques to detect electroporation, PEF protocols, treatment chambers, and methods for optimization of PEF treatment are presented. Solid/liquid expression and solvent extraction assisted by PEF are described in detail. Numerous practical examples of PEF-enhanced extraction of intracellular compounds from foods (potatoes, apples, sugar crops, citruses, grapes, etc.) are presented.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Abbreviations
- AA:
-
antioxidant activity
- AC:
-
antioxidant capacity
- AFM:
-
atomic force microscopy
- CI:
-
color intensity
- DM:
-
dry matter
- EE:
-
ethanol extraction
- FM:
-
fresh material
- GAE:
-
gallic acid equivalent
- HVED:
-
high voltage electrical discharges
- ICUMSA:
-
International Commission for Uniform Methods of Sugar Analysis
- MW:
-
microwave
- OD:
-
osmotic dehydration
- OH:
-
ohmic heating
- PEF:
-
pulsed electric fields
- SAE:
-
supplementary aqueous extraction
- SEM:
-
scanning electron microscopy
- SG:
-
solid gains
- TAC:
-
total anthocyanin content
- TEM:
-
transmission electron microscopy
- TPC:
-
total phenolic compounds/content
- TPI:
-
total polyphenol index
- US:
-
ultrasound
- WE:
-
aqueous extraction
- WL:
-
water losses
- °Brix:
-
Brix value
- A :
-
area of cell
- A P :
-
area of a single pore
- a :
-
modulus of elasticity
- b :
-
consolidation coefficient
- C :
-
solute concentration in the solvent
- C m :
-
specific capacitance of membrane
- D :
-
diffusivity
- d :
-
Diameter of a sample
- d m :
-
thickness of membrane
- E :
-
electric field strength
- Fi :
-
Fick number
- f e :
-
electroporation factor
- f i :
-
relative fraction
- f p :
-
density of pores in a membrane
- G :
-
compressibility modulus
- h :
-
height or thickness of a sample
- k :
-
electrical conductivity contrast, k = σd/σu
- k e :
-
hydraulic permeability of the extracellular space
- k i :
-
hydraulic permeability of the intracellular space
- k p :
-
hydraulic permeability of the pore
- k B T :
-
thermal energy
- m :
-
mass
- n :
-
number of pulses
- N p :
-
number of pores per cell
- P :
-
pressure
- P max :
-
fracture pressure
- R :
-
radius of a cell
- r c :
-
critical radius of a pore in a membrane
- r p :
-
radius of a pore in a membrane
- S :
-
firmness (stiffness) coefficient
- S c :
-
specific surface of the cell
- T :
-
temperature
- T :
-
pressing time
- t c :
-
time of a cell charging
- t c,m :
-
time of a membrane charging
- t p :
-
pulse duration
- t PEF :
-
total time of PEF treatment, tPEF = ntp
- U :
-
voltage
- u m :
-
transmembrane potential (voltage)
- W :
-
specific energy consumption
- W a :
-
activation energy
- W c :
-
maximum energy of pore formation in membrane
- Y :
-
diffusion (juice) yield
- Y c :
-
consolidation ratio
- Z e :
-
fraction of electroporated cell
- Z :
-
disintegration index
- Z c :
-
electrical conductivity disintegration index
- Z d :
-
diffusivity disintegration index
- α :
-
transmembrane flow coefficient
- α r :
-
aspect ratio
- Δt :
-
distance between pulses (
- ε :
-
relative deformation
- γ :
-
surface tension
- η :
-
viscosity
- θ :
-
angle
- ρ :
-
density
- σ :
-
electrical conductivity
- τ :
-
characteristic time
- τ B :
-
consolidation time
- τ d :
-
diffusion time
- τ r :
-
retardation time
- ω :
-
line tension
References
Aguilera JM (2003) Solid-liquid extraction. In: Extraction optimization in food engineering. Markel Dekker Inc., New York, pp 51–70
Akiyama H, Heller R (eds) (2017) Bioelectrics. Springer, Japan
Albagnac G, Varoquaux P, Montigaud J-C (2002) Technologies de transformation des fruits. TecDoc/Lavoisier, Paris
Almohammed F, Mhemdi H, Vorobiev E (2016a) Pulsed electric field treatment of sugar beet tails as a sustainable feedstock for bioethanol production. Appl Energy 162:49–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.10.050
Almohammed F, Mhemdi H, Vorobiev E (2016b) Several-staged alkaline pressing-soaking of electroporated sugar beet slices for minimization of sucrose loss. Innov Food Sci Emerg Technol 36:18–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifset.2016.05.011
Almohammed F, Koubaa M, Khelfa A, Nakaya M, Mhemdi H, Vorobiev E (2017a) Pectin recovery from sugar beet pulp enhanced by high-voltage electrical discharges. Food Bioprod Process 103:95–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbp.2017.03.005
Almohammed F, Mhemdi H, Vorobiev E (2017b) Purification of juices obtained with innovative pulsed electric field and alkaline pressing of sugar beet tissue. Sep Purif Technol 173:156–164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2016.09.026
Amami E, Vorobiev E, Kechaou N (2005) Effect of pulsed electric field on the osmotic dehydration and mass transfer kinetics of apple tissue. Dry Technol 23:581–595. https://doi.org/10.1081/DRT-200054144
Amami E, Vorobiev E, Kechaou N (2006) Modelling of mass transfer during osmotic dehydration of apple tissue pre-treated by pulsed electric field. LWT – Food Sci Technol 39:1014–1021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2006.02.017
Angersbach A, Heinz V, Knorr D (2002) Evaluation of process-induced dimensional changes in the membrane structure of biological cells using impedance measurement. Biotechnol Prog 18:597–603. https://doi.org/10.1021/bp020047j
Apollonio F, Liberti M, Marracino P, Mir L (2012) Electroporation mechanism: review of molecular models based on computer simulation. In: 2012 6th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EUCAP). České Vysoké Učení Technické, Prague, pp 356–358
Asavasanti S, Ersus S, Ristenpart W, Stroeve P, Barrett DM (2010) Critical electric field strengths of onion tissues treated by pulsed electric fields. J Food Sci 75:E433–E443. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-3841.2010.01768.x
Asavasanti S, Ristenpart W, Stroeve P, Barrett DM (2011a) Permeabilization of plant tissues by monopolar pulsed electric fields: effect of frequency. J Food Sci 76:E98–E111. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-3841.2010.01940.x
Asavasanti S, Ristenpart W, Stroeve P, Barrett DM (2011b) Permeabilization of plant tissues by monopolar pulsed electric fields: effect of frequency. J Food Sci 76(1):E96–E111. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-3841.2010.01940.x
Asavasanti S, Stroeve P, Barrett DM, Jernstedt JA, Ristenpart WD (2012) Enhanced electroporation in plant tissues via low frequency pulsed electric fields: Influence of cytoplasmic streaming. Biotechnol Prog 28:445–453. https://doi.org/10.1002/btpr.1507
Ashurst PR (2016) Chemistry and technology of soft drinks and fruit juices. Wiley, Chichester
Azarpazhooh E, Ramaswamy HS (2009) Evaluation of diffusion and Azuara models for mass transfer kinetics during microwave-osmotic dehydration of apples under continuous flow medium-spray conditions. Dry Technol 28:57–67. https://doi.org/10.1080/07373930903430694
Barba FJ, Parniakov O, Pereira SA, Wiktor A, Grimi N, Boussetta N, Saraiva JA, Raso J, Martin-Belloso O, Witrowa-Rajchert D, Lebovka N, Vorobiev E (2015) Current applications and new opportunities for the use of pulsed electric fields in food science and industry. Food Res Int 77:773–798. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2015.09.015
Barbosa-Cánovas GV, Gongora-Nieto MM, Pothakamury UR, Swanson BG (1998) Preservation of foods with pulsed electric fields. Academic Press, San Diego
Bazhal IG, Gulyi IS (1983) Extraction of sugar from sugar-beet in a direct-current electric field. Food Technol Pishchevaya Tekhnologiya, Russ 5:49–51
Bazhal M, Vorobiev E (2000) Electrical treatment of apple cossettes for intensifying juice pressing. J Sci Food Agric 80:1668–1674. https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0010(20000901)80:11<1668::AID-JSFA692>3.0.CO;2-7
Bazhal M, Lebovka N, Vorobiev E (2003) Optimisation of pulsed electric field strength for electroplasmolysis of vegetable tissues. Biosyst Eng 86:339–345. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1537-5110(03)00139-9
Ben Ammar J (2011) Etude de l’effet des champs electriques pulses sur la congelation des produits vegetaux. PhD Thesis, Compiegne: Universite de Technologie de Compiegne, France
Ben Ammar J, Lanoisellé J-L, Lebovka NI, Van Hecke E, Vorobiev E (2010) Effect of a pulsed electric field and osmotic treatment on freezing of potato tissue. Food Biophys 5:247–254. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11483-010-9167-y
Ben Ammar J, Lanoisellé J-L, Lebovka NI, Van Hecke E, Vorobiev E (2011a) Impact of a pulsed electric field on damage of plant tissues: effects of cell size and tissue electrical conductivity. J Food Sci 76:E90–E97. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-3841.2010.01893.x
Ben Ammar J, Van Hecke E, Lebovka N, Vorobiev E, Lanoisellé J-L 2011b Freezing and freeze-drying of vegetables: benefits of a pulsed electric fields pre-treatment. In: CIGR Section VI International Symposium on “Towards a Sustainable Food Chain Food Process, Bioprocessing and Food Quality Management.” Nantes, pp. 1–6
Bio-Rad Laboratories I (2019) Electroporation. http://www.bio-rad.com
Blahovec J, Kouřím P, Kindl M (2015) Low-temperature carrot cooking supported by pulsed electric field—DMA and DETA thermal analysis. Food Bioprocess Technol 8:2027–2035. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11947-015-1554-4
Bodénès P (2017) Etude de l’application de champs électriques pulsés sur des microalgues en vue de l’extraction de lipides neutres. PhD Thesis, L’Universite Paris-Saclay preparee à l’Ecole Normale Superieure de Cachan (Ecole Normale Superieure Paris-Saclay)
Bodénès P, Wang H-Y, Lee T-H, Chen H-Y, Wang C-Y (2019) Microfluidic techniques for enhancing biofuel and biorefinery industry based on microalgae. Biotechnol Biofuels 12:33. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13068-019-1369-z
Bouzrara H, Vorobiev E (2000) Beet juice extraction by pressing and pulsed electric fields. Int Sugar J 102:194–200
Bouzrara H, Vorobiev E (2001) Non-thermal pressing and washing of fresh sugarbeet cossettes combined with a pulsed electrical field. Zuckerindustrie 126:463–466
BTX HA (2019) Electroporation & Electrofusion Products. http://www.harvardapparatus.com
Buchmann L, Mathys A (2019) Perspective on pulsed electric field treatment in the bio-based industry. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 7:265
Buisman K (1936) Results of long duration settlement tests. In: Proceedings of the First International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Cambridge, MA, pp 103–107
Canatella PJ, Karr JF, Petros JA, Prausnitz MR (2001) Quantitative study of electroporation-mediated molecular uptake and cell viability. Biophys J 80:755–764
Casciola M, Tarek M (2016) A molecular insight into the electro-transfer of small molecules through electropores driven by electric fields. Biochim Biophys Acta (BBA)-Biomembranes 1858:2278–2289
Čemažar J, Miklavčič D, Kotnik T (2013) Microfluidic devices for manipulation, modification and characterization of biological cells in electric fields–a review. Electron Components Mater 43:143–161
Čemažar J, Ghosh A, Davalos RV (2017) Electrical manipulation and sorting of cells. In: Microtechnology for cell manipulation and sorting. Springer, pp 57–92
Chalermchat Y, Dejmek P (2005) Effect of pulsed electric field pretreatment on solid--liquid expression from potato tissue. J Food Eng 71:164–169
Chalermchat Y, Fincan M, Dejmek P (2004) Pulsed electric field treatment for solid-liquid extraction of red beetroot pigment: mathematical modelling of mass transfer. J Food Eng 64:229–236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2003.10.002
Chalermchat Y, Malangone L, Dejmek P (2010) Electropermeabilization of apple tissue: effect of cell size, cell size distribution and cell orientation. Biosyst Eng 105:357–366. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2009.12.006
Chan C-H, Yusoff R, Ngoh G-C (2014) Modeling and kinetics study of conventional and assisted batch solvent extraction. Chem Eng Res Des 92:1169–1186
Chang DC, Reese TS (1990) Changes in membrane structure induced by electroporation as revealed by rapid-freezing electron microscopy. Biophys J 58:1–12
Chang L, Li L, Shi J, Sheng Y, Lu W, Gallego-Perez D, Lee LJ (2016) Micro−/nanoscale electroporation. Lab Chip 16:4047–4062
Chanona-Pérez J, Quevedo R, Aparicio AJ, Chávez CG, Pérez JM, Dominguez GC, Alamilla-Beltrán L, Gutiérrez-López GF (2008) Image processing methods and fractal analysis for quantitative evaluation of size, shape, structure and microstructure in food materials. In: Gutiérrez-López GF, Welti-Chanes J, Parada-Arias E (eds) Food engineering: integrated approaches. Springer-Verlag, New York, pp 277–286
Chen C, Smye SW, Robinson MP, Evans JA (2006) Membrane electroporation theories: a review. Med Biol Eng Comput 44:5–14
Cheremisinoff NP (2017) Industrial liquid filtration equipment. In: Fibrous filter media. Woodhead Publishing, Duxford, pp 27–50
Cohn F, Mendelsohn B (1879) Ueber Einwirkung des electrischen Stromes auf die Vermehrung von Bacterien (about the effect of electric current on the growth of bacteria). Beitrage Biol der Pflauzen 3:141–162
Comuzzo P, Marconi M, Zanella G, Querze M (2018) Pulsed electric field processing of white grapes (cv. Garganega): Effects on wine composition and volatile compounds. Food Chem 264:16–23
Condello M, Caraglia M, Castellano M, Arancia G, Meschini S (2013) Structural and functional alterations of cellular components as revealed by electron microscopy. Microsc Res Tech 76:1057–1069
Couper JR, Penney WR, Fair JR, Walas SM (eds) (2012) Chemical process equipment-selection and design. Butterworth-Heinemann, Waltham
Crank J (1979) The mathematics of diffusion. Oxford University Press, London
Das MK, Mukherjee PP, Muralidhar K (2018) Modeling transport phenomena in porous media with applications. Springer Nature Switzerland AG
De Vito F, Ferrari G, Lebovka NI, Shynkaryk NV, Vorobiev E (2008) Pulse duration and efficiency of soft cellular tissue disintegration by pulsed electric fields. Food Bioprocess Technol 1:307–313
Delemotte L, Tarek M (2012) Molecular dynamics simulations of lipid membrane electroporation. J Membr Biol 245:531–543
Dellarosa N, Laghi L, Ragni L, Dalla Rosa M, Galante A, Ranieri B, Florio TM, Alecci M (2018) Pulsed electric fields processing of apple tissue: Spatial distribution of electroporation by means of magnetic resonance imaging and computer vision system. Innov Food Sci Emerg Technol 47:120–126
Delsart C, Ghidossi R, Poupot C, Cholet C, Grimi N, Vorobiev E, Milisic V, Peuchot MM (2012) Enhanced extraction of phenolic compounds from Merlot grapes by pulsed electric field treatment. Am J Enol Vitic 63:205–211
Delsart C, Cholet C, Ghidossi R, Grimi N, Gontier E, Gény L, Vorobiev E, Mietton-Peuchot M (2014) Effects of pulsed electric fields on cabernet sauvignon grape berries and on the characteristics of wines. Food Bioprocess Technol 7:424–436. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11947-012-1039-7
Dimitrov DS, Sowers AE (1990) Membrane electroporation - fast molecular exchange by electroosmosis. Biochim Biophys Acta (BBA) – Biomembranes 1022:381–392
Doevenspeck H (1961) Influencing cells and cell walls by electrostatic impulses. Fleischwirtschaft 13:968–987
Donsi F, Ferrari G, Fruilo M, Pataro G (2010) Pulsed electric field-assisted vinification of Aglianico and Piedirosso grapes. J Agric Food Chem 58:11606–11615
Donsi F, Ferrari G, Fruilo M, Pataro G (2011) Pulsed electric fields-assisted vinification. Procedia Food Sci 1:780–785
El Belghiti K, Vorobiev E (2004) Mass transfer of sugar from beets enhanced by pulsed electric field. Food Bioprod Process 82:226–230
El Darra N, Grimi N, Maroun RG, Louka N, Vorobiev E (2013a) Pulsed electric field, ultrasound, and thermal pretreatments for better phenolic extraction during red fermentation. Eur Food Res Technol 236:47–56. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00217-012-1858-9
El Darra N, Grimi N, Vorobiev E, Louka N, Maroun R (2013b) Extraction of polyphenols from red grape pomace assisted by pulsed ohmic heating. Food Bioprocess Technol 6:1281–1289. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11947-012-0869-7
El Darra N, Rajha HN, Ducasse M-A, Turk MF, Grimi N, Maroun RG, Louka N, Vorobiev E (2016a) Effect of pulsed electric field treatment during cold maceration and alcoholic fermentation on major red wine qualitative and quantitative parameters. Food Chem 213:352–360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.06.073
El Darra N, Turk MF, Ducasse M-A, Grimi N, Maroun RG, Louka N, Vorobiev E (2016b) Changes in polyphenol profiles and color composition of freshly fermented model wine due to pulsed electric field, enzymes and thermovinification pretreatments. Food Chem 194:944–950. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.08.059
El-Belghiti K, Vorobiev E (2005) Modelling of solute aqueous extraction from carrots subjected to a pulsed electric field pre-treatment. Biosyst Eng 90:289–294
El-Belghiti K, Rabhi Z, Vorobiev E (2005a) Kinetic model of sugar diffusion from sugar beet tissue treated by pulsed electric field. J Sci Food Agric 85:213–218
El-Belghiti K, Rabhi Z, Vorobiev E (2005b) Effect of centrifugal force on the aqueous extraction of solute from sugar beet tissue pretreated by a pulsed electric field. J Food Process Eng 28:346–358
Elton DC (2018) Stretched exponential relaxation. ArXiv Prepr arXiv 1808(00881):1–9
Eppendorf VDG (2019) Eppendorf Eporator®, Operating manual. https://geneseesci.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/Eporator-Electroporator-User-Manual.pdf
Ersus S, Barrett DM (2010) Determination of membrane integrity in onion tissues treated by pulsed electric fields: use of microscopic images and ion leakage measurements. Innov Food Sci Emerg Technol 11:598–603. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifset.2010.08.001
Ersus S, Oztop MH, McCarthy MJ, Barrett DM (2010) Disintegration efficiency of pulsed electric field induced effects on onion (Allium cepa L.) tissues as a function of pulse protocol and determination of cell integrity by 1H-NMR relaxometry. J Food Sci 75:E444–E452. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-3841.2010.01769.x
Eshtiaghi MN, Yoswathana N (2012) Laboratory scale extraction of sugar cane using high electric field pulses. World Acad Sci Eng Technol 65:1217–1222
Fazaeli M, Tahmasebi M, Djomeh EZ (2012) Characterization of food texture: application of microscopic technology. In: Méndez-Vilas A, Rigoglio NN, Mendes Silva MV, Guzman AM, Swindell WR (eds) Current Microscopy Contributions to Advances in Science and Technology. Formatex Research Center, Badajoz, pp 855–871
Fincan M (2017) Potential application of pulsed electric fields for improving extraction of plant pigments. In: Miklavcic D (ed) Handbook of electroporation. Springer, Cham, pp 2171–2192
Fincan M, Dejmek P (2002) In situ visualization of the effect of a pulsed electric field on plant tissue. J Food Eng 55:223–230. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0260-8774(02)00079-1
Fincan M, Dejmek P (2003) Effect of osmotic pretreatment and pulsed electric field on the viscoelastic properties of potato tissue. J Food Eng 59:169–175
Fincan M, DeVito F, Dejmek P (2004) Pulsed electric field treatment for solid-liquid extraction of red beetroot pigment. J Food Eng 64:381–388. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2003.11.006
Flaumenbaum B (1949) Electrical treatment of fruits and vegetables before extraction of juice. Proc Odessa Technol Inst Cann Ind (Trudy OTIKP, Odess Tehnol Instituta Konservn Promyshlennosti) 3:15–20 (in Russian)
Fox MB, Esveld DC, Valero A, Luttge R, Mastwijk HC, Bartels PV, van den Berg A, Boom RM (2006) Electroporation of cells in microfluidic devices: a review. Anal Bioanal Chem 385:474
Gachovska TK, Ngadi M, Chetti M, Raghavan GS V (2013) Enhancement of lycopene extraction from tomatoes using pulsed electric field. In: 2013 19th IEEE Pulsed Power Conference (PPC), pp 1–5
Garcia-Gonzalo D, Pagán R (2016) Detection of electroporation in microbial cells: techniques and procedures. In: Miklavcic D (ed) Handbook of electroporation. Springer, Cham, pp 1–15
Garde-Cerdán T, González-Arenzana L, López N, López R, Santamaría P, López-Alfaro I (2013) Effect of different pulsed electric field treatments on the volatile composition of Graciano, Tempranillo and Grenache grape varieties. Innov Food Sci Emerg Technol 20:91–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifset.2013.08.008
Gekas V (1992) Transport phenomena of foods and biological materials. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton
Gowrishankar TR, Weaver JC (2003) An approach to electrical modeling of single and multiple cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci 100:3203–3208
Grimi N (2009) Vers l’intensification du pressage industriel des agroressources par champs électriques pulsés: étude multi-échelles. PhD thesis, Compiegne: Universite de Technologie de Compiegne, France
Grimi N, Lebovka N, Vorobiev E, Vaxelaire J (2009a) Compressing behavior and texture evaluation for potatoes pretreated by pulsed electric field. J Texture Stud 40:208–224
Grimi N, Lebovka NI, Vorobiev E, Vaxelaire J (2009b) Effect of a pulsed electric field treatment on expression behavior and juice quality of Chardonnay grape. Food Biophys 4:191–198. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11483-009-9117-8
Grimi N, Mamouni F, Lebovka N, Vorobiev E, Vaxelaire J (2010a) Acoustic impulse response in apple tissues treated by pulsed electric field. Biosyst Eng 105:266–272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2009.11.005
Grimi N, Vorobiev E, Lebovka N, Vaxelaire J (2010b) Solid-liquid expression from denaturated plant tissue: filtration–consolidation behaviour. J Food Eng 96:29–36
Grimi N, Mamouni F, Lebovka N, Vorobiev E, Vaxelaire J (2011) Impact of apple processing modes on extracted juice quality: pressing assisted by pulsed electric fields. J Food Eng 103:52–61
Grosse C, Schwan HP (1992) Cellular membrane potentials induced by alternating fields. Biophys J 63:1632–1642
Gulyi IS, Lebovka NI, Mank V V, Kupchik MP, Bazhal MI, Matvienko AB, Papchenko AY (1994) Scientific and practical principles of electrical treatment of food products and materials. UkrINTEI (in Russian), Kiev
Hamilton WA, Sale AJH (1967) Effects of high electric fields on microorganisms: II. Mechanism of action of the lethal effect. Biochim Biophys Acta (BBA)-General Subj 148:789–800
Heilbron JL (1979) Electricity in the 17th and 18th centuries: A study of early modern physics. Univ of California Press
Heimburg T (1998) Mechanical aspects of membrane thermodynamics. Estimation of the mechanical properties of lipid membranes close to the chain melting transition from calorimetry. Biochim Biophys Acta (BBA) – Biomembranes 1415:147–162
Henslee BE, Morss A, Hu X, Lafyatis GP, Lee LJ (2014) Cell-cell proximity effects in multi-cell electroporation. Biomicrofluidics 8:52002
Hjouj M, Rubinsky B (2010) Magnetic resonance imaging characteristics of nonthermal irreversible electroporation in vegetable tissue. J Membr Biol 236:137–146
Holl MMB (2008) Cell plasma membranes and phase transitions. In: Pollack GH, Chin W-C (eds) Phase transitions in cell biology. Springer, pp 171–181
Hülsheger H, Niemann E-G (1980) Lethal effects of high-voltage pulses on E. coli K12 Radiat Environ Biophys 18:281–288
Hülsheger H, Potel J, Niemann E-G (1981) Killing of bacteria with electric pulses of high field strength. Radiat Environ Biophys 20:53–65
Hülsheger H, Potel J, Niemann E-G (1983) Electric field effects on bacteria and yeast cells. Radiat Environ Biophys 22:149–162
Ingram M, Page LJ (1953) The survival of microbes in modulated high-frequency voltage fields. In: Proceedings of the Society for Applied Bacteriology, pp 69–87
Jackman RL, Smith JL (1996) Anthocyanins and betalains. In: Hendry GAF, Houghton JD (eds) Natural food colorants. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 244–309
Jaeger H, Schulz A, Karapetkov N, Knorr D (2009) Protective effect of milk constituents and sublethal injuries limiting process effectiveness during PEF inactivation of Lb. rhamnosus. Int J Food Microbiol 134:154–161
Jemai A (1997) Contribution à l’étude de l’effet d’un traitement électrique sur les cossettes de betterave à sucre: incidence sur le procédé d’extraction. Thèse de Doctorat, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, France
Jemai AB, Vorobiev E (2002) Effect of moderate electric field pulses on the diffusion coefficient of soluble substances from apple slices. Int J Food Sci Technol 37:73–86
Jemai AB, Vorobiev E (2003) Enhanced leaching from sugar beet cossettes by pulsed electric field. J Food Eng 59:405–412. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0260-8774(02)00499-5
Jönsson KA-S, Jönsson BTL (1992) Fluid flow in compressible porous media: I: Steady-state conditions. AICHE J 38:1340–1348. https://doi.org/10.1002/aic.690380904
Kantar S El, Boussetta N, Lebovka N, Foucart F, Rajha HN, Maroun RG, Louka N, Vorobiev E (2018) Pulsed electric field treatment of citrus fruits: improvement of juice and polyphenols extraction. Innov Food Sci Emerg Technol 46:153–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifset.2017.09.024
Karathanos VT, Kanellopoulos NK, Belessiotis VG (1996) Development of porous structure during air drying of agricultural plant products. J Food Eng 29:167–183
Kinosita K Jr, Tsong TY (1977a) Voltage-induced pore formation and hemolysis of human erythrocytes. Biochim Biophys Acta (BBA) – Biomembranes 471:227–242
Kinosita K Jr, Tsong TY (1977b) Formation and resealing of pores of controlled sizes in human erythrocyte membrane. Nature 268:438
Kinosita K, Tsong TT (1977) Hemolysis of human erythrocytes by transient electric field. Proc Natl Acad Sci 74:1923–1927
Knorr D, Geulen M, Grahl T, Sitzmann W (1994a) Energy cost of high electric field pulse treatment: reply. Trends Food Sci Technol 5:265
Knorr D, Geulen M, Grahl T, Sitzmann W (1994b) Food application of high electric field pulses. Trends Food Sci Technol 5:71–75
Kogan FY (1968) Electrophysical methods in canning technologies of foodstuff. Tekhnica (in Russian), Kiev
Kotnik T, Miklavčič D (2000) Analytical description of transmembrane voltage induced by electric fields on spheroidal cells. Biophys J 79:670–679
Kotnik T, Pucihar G (2010) Induced transmembrane voltage-theory, modeling, and experiments. In: Pakhomov AG, Miklavčič D, Markov MS (eds) Advanced electroporation techniques in biology and medicine. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton, pp 51–70
Kotnik T, Bobanovic F, Miklavčič D (1997) Sensitivity of transmembrane voltage induced by applied electric fields: a theoretical analysis. Bioelectrochem Bioenerg 43:285–291
Kotnik T, Miklavčič D, Slivnik T (1998) Time course of transmembrane voltage induced by time-varying electric fields: a method for theoretical analysis and its application. Bioelectrochem Bioenerg 45:3–16
Kranjc M, Miklavčič D (2017) Electric field distribution and electroporation threshold. In: Miklavčič D (ed) Handbook of electroporation. Springer, Cham, pp 1043–1058
Lanoisellé J-L, Vorobyov EI, Bouvier J-M, Pair G (1996) Modeling of solid/liquid expression for cellular materials. AICHE J 42:2057–2068
Lazarenko BR, Fursov SSP, Bordijan JA, Chebanu VG (1977) Electroplasmolysis. Cartea Moldoveneascu, Chisinau
Lebedeva NE (1987) Electric breakdown of bilayer lipid membranes at short times of voltage action. Biol Membr (Biochem Moscow Ser A Membr Cell Biol) 4:994–998 (in Russian)
Lebovka NI, Vorobiev EI (2004) On the origin of the deviation from the first-order kinetics in inactivation of microbial cells by pulsed electric fields. Int J Food Microbiol 91:83–89
Lebovka N, Vorobiev E (2007) The kinetics of inactivation of spheroidal microbial cells by pulsed electric fields. ArXiv Prepr arXiv 0704(2750):1–18
Lebovka N, Vorobiev E (2011) Food and biomaterials processing assisted by electroporation. In: G PA, Miklavcic D, Markov MS (eds) Advanced electroporation techniques in biology and medicine. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton, pp 463–490
Lebovka N, Vorobiev E (2014) Techniques and procedures to detect electroporation in food cellular tissues. In: Raso J, Álvarez I (eds) Proceedings of the COST TD1104 school on applications of pulsed electric fields for food processing. Servicio de publicaciones, Zaragoza, pp 39–50
Lebovka N, Vorobiev E (2016) Techniques to detect electroporation in food tissues. In: Miklavcic D (ed) Handbook of electroporation. Springer, Cham, pp 1–23
Lebovka NI, Melnyk RM, Kupchik MP, Bazhal MI, Serebrjakov RA (2000) Local generation of ohmic heat on cellular membranes during the electrical treatment of biological tissues. Sci Pap Naukma 18:51–56
Lebovka NI, Bazhal MI, Vorobiev E (2001) Pulsed electric field breakage of cellular tissues: visualisation of percolative properties. Innov Food Sci Emerg Technol 2:113–125
Lebovka NI, Bazhal MI, Vorobiev E (2002) Estimation of characteristic damage time of food materials in pulsed-electric fields. J Food Eng 54:337–346
Lebovka NI, Praporscic I, Vorobiev E (2003) Enhanced expression of juice from soft vegetable tissues by pulsed electric fields: consolidation stages analysis. J Food Eng 59:309–317
Lebovka N, Praporscic I, Vorobiev E (2004a) Effect of moderate thermal and pulsed electric field treatments on textural properties of carrots, potatoes and apples. Innov Food Sci Emerg Technol 5:9–16
Lebovka N, Praporscic I, Vorobiev E (2004b) Combined treatment of apples by pulsed electric fields and by heating at moderate temperature. J Food Eng 65:211–217
Lebovka NI, Praporscic I, Ghnimi S, Vorobiev E (2005a) Temperature enhanced electroporation under the pulsed electric field treatment of food tissue. J Food Eng 69:177–184
Lebovka NI, Praporscic I, Ghnimi S, Vorobiev E (2005b) Does electroporation occur during the ohmic heating of food? J Food Sci 70:E308–E311
Lebovka N, Shynkaryk N, El-Belghiti K, Benjelloun H, Vorobiev E (2007a) Plasmolysis of sugarbeet: pulsed electric fields and thermal treatment. J Food Eng 80:639–644
Lebovka NI, Shynkaryk M, Vorobiev E (2007b) Moderate electric field treatment of sugarbeet tissues. Biosyst Eng 96:47–56
Lee EW, Wong D, Prikhodko SV, Perez A, Tran C, Loh CT, Kee ST (2012) Electron microscopic demonstration and evaluation of irreversible electroporation-induced nanopores on hepatocyte membranes. J Vasc Interv Radiol 23:107–113
Leong HY, Show PL, Lim MH, Ooi CW, Ling TC (2018) Natural red pigments from plants and their health benefits: a review. Food Rev Int 34:463–482
Liu C, Sun Y, Mao Q, Guo X, Li P, Liu Y, Xu N (2016) Characteristics and antitumor activity of Morchella esculenta polysaccharide extracted by pulsed electric field. Int J Mol Sci 17:986
Liu Z-W, Zeng X-A, Ngadi M (2018) Enhanced extraction of phenolic compounds from onion by pulsed electric field (PEF). J Food Process Preserv 42:e13755
Liu T, Burritt DJ, Oey I (2019) Understanding the effect of Pulsed Electric Fields on multilayered solid plant foods: Bunching onions (Allium fistulosum) as a model system. Food Res Int 120:560–567. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2018.11.006
Liu C, Grimi N, Bals O, Lebovka N, Vorobiev E (2021) Effects of pulsed electric fields and preliminary vacuum drying on freezing assisted processes in potato tissue. Food Bioprod Process 125:126–133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbp.2020.11.002
Loginov M, Loginova K, Lebovka N, Vorobiev E (2011) Comparison of dead-end ultrafiltration behaviour and filtrate quality of sugar beet juices obtained by conventional and “cold” PEF-assisted diffusion. J Memb Sci 377:273–283
Loginova K (2011) Mise en oeuvre de champs électriques pulsés pour la conception d’un procédé de diffusion à froid à partir de betteraves à sucre et d’autres tubercules alimentaires (étude multi-échelle). Universite de Technologie de Compiegne, France, Compiegne
Loginova KV, Shynkaryk MV, Lebovka NI, Vorobiev E (2010) Acceleration of soluble matter extraction from chicory with pulsed electric fields. J Food Eng 96:374–379
Loginova K, Loginov M, Vorobiev E, Lebovka NI (2011a) Quality and filtration characteristics of sugar beet juice obtained by “cold” extraction assisted by pulsed electric field. J Food Eng 106:144–151
Loginova KV, Lebovka NI, Vorobiev E (2011b) Pulsed electric field assisted aqueous extraction of colorants from red beet. J Food Eng 106:127–133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2011.04.019
Loginova KV, Vorobiev E, Bals O, Lebovka NI (2011c) Pilot study of countercurrent cold and mild heat extraction of sugar from sugar beets, assisted by pulsed electric fields. J Food Eng 102:340–347
Loginova K, Loginov M, Vorobiev E, Lebovka NI (2012) Better lime purification of sugar beet juice obtained by low temperature aqueous extraction assisted by pulsed electric field. LWT – Food Sci Technol 46:371–374
López N, Puértolas E, Condón S, Álvarez I, Raso J (2008a) Effects of pulsed electric fields on the extraction of phenolic compounds during the fermentation of must of Tempranillo grapes. Innov Food Sci Emerg Technol 9:477–482
López N, Puértolas E, Condón S, Álvarez I, Raso J (2008b) Application of pulsed electric fields for improving the maceration process during vinification of red wine: influence of grape variety. Eur Food Res Technol 227:1099
López N, Puértolas E, Condón S, Raso J, Alvarez I (2009) Enhancement of the extraction of betanine from red beetroot by pulsed electric fields. J Food Eng 90:60–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2008.06.002
López-Alfaro I, González-Arenzana L, López N, Santamaria P, Lopez R, Garde-Cerdan T (2013) Pulsed electric field treatment enhanced stilbene content in Graciano, Tempranillo and Grenache grape varieties. Food Chem 141:3759–3765. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.06.082
López-Giral N, González-Arenzana L, González-Ferrero C, López R, Santamaría P, López-Alfaro I, Garde-Cerdán T (2015) Pulsed electric field treatment to improve the phenolic compound extraction from Graciano, Tempranillo and Grenache grape varieties during two vintages. Innov Food Sci Emerg Technol 28:31–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifset.2015.01.003
Lu R, Abbott JA (2004) Force/deformation techniques for measuring texture. In: Kilcast D (ed) Texture in food: Solid foods. Woodhead Publishing, Sawston, Cambridge, pp 109–145
Luengo E, Álvarez I, Raso J (2013) Improving the pressing extraction of polyphenols of orange peel by pulsed electric fields. Innov Food Sci Emerg Technol 17:79–84
Luengo E, Álvarez I, Raso J (2014a) Improving carotenoid extraction from tomato waste by pulsed electric fields. Front Nutr 1:12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2014.00012
Luengo E, Franco E, Ballesteros F, Álvarez I, Raso J (2014b) Winery trial on application of pulsed electric fields for improving vinification of Garnacha grapes. Food Bioprocess Technol 7:1457–1464. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11947-013-1209-2
Luengo E, Martinez JM, Álvarez I, Raso J (2016) Comparison of the efficacy of pulsed electric fields treatments in the millisecond and microsecond range for the extraction of betanine from red beetroot. In: Jarm T, Kramar P (eds) International Federation for Medical and Biological Engineering (IFMBE) Proceedings. Springer, pp 375–378
Mahnič-Kalamiza S (2016) Dual-porosity model of liquid extraction by pressing from plant tissue modified by electroporation. In: Handbook of electroporation. Springer International Publishing AG, Cham, pp 1–25
Mahnič-Kalamiza S, Vorobiev E (2014) Dual-porosity model of liquid extraction by pressing from biological tissue modified by electroporation. J Food Eng 137:76–87
Mahnič-Kalamiza S, Miklavčič D, Vorobiev E (2015) Dual-porosity model of mass transport in electroporated biological tissue: simulations and experimental work for model validation. Innov Food Sci Emerg Technol 29:41–54
Matov BI, Reshetko E V (1968) Electrophysical methods in food industry. Kartja Moldavenjaske, Kishinev (in Russian)
Mavroudis NE, Gekas V, Sjöholm I (1998) Osmotic dehydration of apples. Shrinkage phenomena and the significance of initial structure on mass transfer rates. J Food Eng 38:101–123
Mercadal B, Vernier PT, Ivorra A (2016) Dependence of electroporation detection threshold on cell radius: an explanation to observations non compatible with Schwan’s equation model. J Membr Biol 249:663–676
Mhemdi H, Bals O, Grimi N, Vorobiev E (2014) Alternative pressing/ultrafiltration process for sugar beet valorization: impact of pulsed electric field and cossettes preheating on the qualitative characteristics of juices. Food Bioprocess Technol 7:795–805
Mhemdi H, Almohammed F, Bals O, Grimi N, Vorobiev E (2015) Impact of pulsed electric field and preheating on the lime purification of raw sugar beet expressed juices. Food Bioprod Process 95:323–331
Mhemdi H, Bals O, Vorobiev E (2016) Combined pressing-diffusion technology for sugar beets pretreated by pulsed electric field. J Food Eng 168:166–172
Miklavčič D (ed) (2017) Handbook of electroporation. Springer, Cham
Monteith H, Parker W (2016) Emissions from wastewater treatment plants. In: Tata P, Witherspoon J, Lue-Hing C (eds) VOC emissions from biosolid’s dewatering processes. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton, pp 171–188
Moses BD (1938) Electric pasteurization of milk. Agric Eng 19:525–526
Mushtaq M (2018) Extraction of fruit juice: An overview. In: Rajauria G, Tiwari BK (eds) Fruit juices. Elsevier, pp 131–159
Muszyńska B, Grzywacz-Kisielewska A, Kała K, Gdula-Argasińska J (2018) Anti-inflammatory properties of edible mushrooms: a review. Food Chem 243:373–381
Nandakumar R, Eyres GT, Burritt DJ, Kebede B, Leus M, Oey I (2018) Impact of pulsed electric fields on the volatile compounds produced in whole onions (Allium cepa and Allium fistulosum). Foods 7:1–15. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods7110183
Napotnik TB, Miklavčič D (2018) In vitro electroporation detection methods–an overview. Bioelectrochemistry 120:166–182
Nelson WM (2003) Green solvents for chemistry: perspectives and practice. Oxford University Press
Neu JC, Krassowska W (1999) Asymptotic model of electroporation. Phys Rev E 59:3471
Neumann E, Rosenheck K (1972) Permeability changes induced by electric impulses in vesicular membranes. J Membr Biol 10:279–290
Noelia V, Puértolas E, Hernández-Orte P, Álvarez I, Raso J (2009) Effect of a pulsed electric field treatment on the anthocyanins composition and other quality parameters of Cabernet Sauvignon freshly fermented model wines obtained after different maceration times. LWT – Food Sci Technol 42:1225–1231
Nyrop JE (1946) A specific effect of high-frequency electric currents on biological objects. Nature 157:51. https://doi.org/10.1038/157051a0
Olson RE (1986) State of the art: consolidation testing. In: Yong RN, Townsend FC (eds) Consolidation of Soils: Testing and Evaluation. ASTM Special technical publication 892. American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, pp 7–70
Pakhomov AG, Bowman AM, Ibey BL, Andre FM, Pakhomova ON, Schoenbach KH (2009) Lipid nanopores can form a stable, ion channel-like conduction pathway in cell membrane. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 385:181–186
Pakhomov AG, Miklavčič D, Markov MS (2010) Advanced electroporation techniques in biology and medicine. CRC Press, Boca Raton
Parniakov O, Lebovka NI, Van Hecke E, Vorobiev E (2014) Pulsed electric field assisted pressure extraction and solvent extraction from mushroom (Agaricus bisporus). Food Bioprocess Technol 7:174–183
Pataro G, Carullo D, Siddique MAB, Falcone M, Donsì F, Ferrari G (2018) Improved extractability of carotenoids from tomato peels as side benefits of PEF treatment of tomato fruit for more energy-efficient steam-assisted peeling. J Food Eng 233:65–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2018.03.029
Pavlin M, Pavselj N, Miklavčič D (2002) Dependence of induced transmembrane potential on cell density, arrangement, and cell position inside a cell system. Biomed Eng IEEE Trans 49:605–612
Peiró S, Luengo E, Segovia F, Raso J, Almajano MP (2019) Improving polyphenol extraction from lemon residues by pulsed electric fields. Waste and Biomass Valorization 10:889–897
Pillet F, Formosa-Dague C, Baaziz H, Dague E, Rols M-P (2016) Cell wall as a target for bacteria inactivation by pulsed electric fields. Sci Rep 6:19778
Van der Poel PW, Schiweck H, Schwartz T (1998) Sugar technology. Beet and Cane Sugar Manufacture. Bartens KG, Berlin
Pourzaki A, Mirzaee H (2008) Pulsed electric field generators in food processing. In: 18-th National Congress on Food Technology in Mashhad (Iran), pp 1–7
Praporscic I, Muravetchi V, Vorobiev E (2004) Constant rate expressing of juice from biological tissue enhanced by pulsed electric field. Dry Technol 22:2395–2408
Praporscic I, Ghnimi S, Vorobiev E (2005) Enhancement of pressing of sugar beet cuts by combined ohmic heating and pulsed electric field treatment. J Food Process Preserv 29:378–389
Praporscic I, Lebovka N, Vorobiev E, Mietton-Peuchot M (2007) Pulsed electric field enhanced expression and juice quality of white grapes. Sep Purif Technol 52:520–526. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2006.06.007
Pucihar G, Kotnik T, Teissié J, Miklavčič D (2007) Electropermeabilization of dense cell suspensions. Eur Biophys J 36:173–185
Puértolas E, Hernández-Orte P, Sladaña G, Álvarez I, Raso J (2010a) Improvement of winemaking process using pulsed electric fields at pilot-plant scale. Evolution of chromatic parameters and phenolic content of Cabernet Sauvignon red wines. Food Res Int 43:761–766. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2009.11.005
Puértolas E, López N, Sladaña G, Álvarez I, Raso J (2010b) Evaluation of phenolic extraction during fermentation of red grapes treated by a continuous pulsed electric fields process at pilot-plant scale. J Food Eng 98:120–125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2009.12.017
Puri M (2017) Food bioactives: extraction and biotechnology applications. Springer, Cham
Putnik P, Bursać Kovačević D, Režek Jambrak A, Barba FJ, Cravotto G, Binello A, Lorenzo JM, Shpigelman A (2017) Innovative “green” and novel strategies for the extraction of bioactive added value compounds from citrus wastes: a review. Molecules 22(5):680. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules22050680
Qin B-L, Zhang Q, Barbosa-Cánovas GV, Swanson BG, Pedrow PD (1994) Inactivation of microorganisms by pulsed electric fields of different voltage waveforms. IEEE Trans Dielectr Electr Insul 1:1047–1057. https://doi.org/10.1109/94.368658
Qin Y, Lai S, Jiang Y, Yang T, Wang J (2005) Transmembrane voltage induced on a cell membrane in suspensions exposed to an alternating field: a theoretical analysis. Bioelectrochemistry 67:57–65
Qingwen Q, Xiaoqing H, Chunmei L, Dejun Z, Ya L (2018) Study on modular design and key technology of screw pressing for sludge treatment system. J Eng Manuf Technol 6(1):1–7
Ramos A, Suzuki DOH, Marques JLB (2006) Numerical study of the electrical conductivity and polarization in a suspension of spherical cells. Bioelectrochemistry 68:213–217
Raso J, Frey W, Ferrari G, Pataro G, Knorr D, Teissie J, Miklavčič D (2016) Recommendations guidelines on the key information to be reported in studies of application of PEF technology in food and biotechnological processes. Innov Food Sci Emerg Technol 37:312–321
Rathore H, Prasad S, Sharma S (2017) Mushroom nutraceuticals for improved nutrition and better human health: a review. PharmaNutrition 5:35–46
Reberšek M, Miklavčič D (2011) Advantages and disadvantages of different concepts of electroporation pulse generation. Automatika 52:12–19
Reberšek M, Miklavčič D, Bertacchini C, Sack M (2014) Cell membrane electroporation-Part 3: the equipment. IEEE Electr Insul Mag 30:8–18
Rems L, Miklavčič D (2016) Tutorial: Electroporation of cells in complex materials and tissue. J Appl Phys 119:201101
Rems L, Viano M, Kasimova MA, Miklavčič D, Tarek M (2019) The contribution of lipid peroxidation to membrane permeability in electropermeabilization: a molecular dynamics study. Bioelectrochemistry 125:46–57
Riemann F, Zimmermann U, Pilwat G (1975) Release and uptake of haemoglobin and ions in red blood cells induced by dielectric breakdown. Biochim Biophys Acta (BBA) – Biomembranes 394:449–462
Rockenbach A, Sudarsan S, Berens J, Kosubek M, Lazar J, Demling P, Hanke R, Mennicken P, Ebert BE, Blank LM, Others (2019) Microfluidic irreversible electroporation - a versatile tool to extract intracellular contents of bacteria and yeast. Meta 9:211
Rodriguez-Amaya DB (2019) Update on natural food pigments-A mini-review on carotenoids, anthocyanins, and betalains. Food Res Int 124:200–205
Rogov IA (1988) Electrophysical methods of foods product processing. Agropromizdat, Moscow (in Russian)
Rols M-P (2006) Electropermeabilization, a physical method for the delivery of therapeutic molecules into cells. Biochim Biophys Acta (BBA) – Biomembranes 1758:423–428
Rols M-P, Teissié J (1990) Electropermeabilization of mammalian cells. Quantitative analysis of the phenomenon. Biophys J 58:1089–1098. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3495(90)82451-6
Rondeau C, Le Quéré J-M, Turk M, Mariette F, Vorobiev E, Baron A (2012) The de-structuration of parenchyma cells of apple induced by pulsed electric fields: a TD-NMR investigation. In: Proceeding of the International Conference Bio & Food Electrotechnologies (BFE 2012), Book of Full Papers. ProdAl Scarl, Società consortile a responsabilità limitata, c/o University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy, p 5
Roselló-Soto E, Parniakov O, Deng Q, Patras A, Koubaa M, Grimi N, Boussetta N, Tiwari BK, Vorobiev E, Lebovka N, Others (2016) Application of non-conventional extraction methods: Toward a sustainable and green production of valuable compounds from mushrooms. Food Eng Rev 8:214–234
Rousserie P, Rabot A, Geny-Denis L (2019) From flavanols biosynthesis to wine tannins: what place for grape seeds? J Agric Food Chem 67:1325–1343
Rumble JR (ed) (2019) CRC handbook of chemistry and physics. CRC Press, Taylor & Fransis Group, Boca Raton
Russ JC, Neal FB (2016) The image processing handbook. CRC press, Boca Raton
Sack M, Sigler J, Frenzel S, Eing C, Arnold J, Michelberger T, Frey W, Attmann F, Stukenbrock L, Müller G (2010) Research on industrial-scale electroporation devices fostering the extraction of substances from biological tissue. Food Eng Rev 2:147–156
Saldaña G, Luengo E, Puértolas E, Álvarez I, Raso J (2017) Pulsed electric fields in wineries: Potential applications. In: Miklavcic D (ed) Handbook of electroporation. Springer, Cham, pp 2825–2842
Sale A, Hamilton W (1967) Effect of high electric fields on microorganisms. I. Killing of bacteria and yeast. Biochim Biophys Acta 148:781–788
Sale AJH, Hamilton WA (1968) Effects of high electric fields on micro-organisms: III. Lysis of erythrocytes and protoplasts. Biochim Biophys Acta (BBA) – Biomembranes 163:37–43
Saravacos GD, Krokida M (2014) Mass transfer properties of foods. In: Engineering properties of foods. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 349–402
Saulis G (1997) Pore disappearance in a cell after electroporation: theoretical simulation and comparison with experiments. Biophys J 73:1299–1309
Schwartzberg HG (1997) Expression of fluid from biological solids. Sep Purif Methods 26:1–213
Schwartzberg HG, Chao RY (1982) Solute diffusivities in leaching processes. Food Technol 36:73–86
Sheikh SM, Kazi ZS (2016) Technologies for oil extraction: a review. Int J Environ Agric Biotechnol 1(2):106–110
Shirato M, Murase T, Atsumi K (1980) Simplified computational method for constant pressure expression of filter cakes. J Chem Eng Japan 13:397–401
Shirato M, Murase T, Iwata M, Nakatsuka S (1986) The Terzaghi-Voigt combined model for constant-pressure consolidation of filter cakes and homogeneous semi-solid materials. Chem Eng Sci 41:3213–3218
Sitzmann W, Vorobiev E, Lebovka N (2016a) Applications of electricity and specifically pulsed electric fields in food processing: Historical backgrounds. Innov Food Sci Emerg Technol 37:302–311
Sitzmann W, Vorobiev E, Lebovka N (2016b) Pulsed electric fields for food industry: historical overview. In: Miklavčič D (ed) Handbook of electroporation. Springer, Cham, pp 1–20
Stämpfli R (1958) Reversible electrical breakdown of the excitable membrane of a Ranvier node. An da Acad Bras Ciências (Annals Brazilian Acad Sci) 30:57–63
Stämpfli R, Willi M (1957) Membrane potential of a Ranvier node measured after electrical destruction of its membrane. Experientia 13:297–298
Suchanek M, Olejniczak Z (2018) Low field MRI study of the potato cell membrane electroporation by pulsed electric field. J Food Eng 231:54–60
Suchodolskis A, Stirke A, Timonina A, Ramanaviciene A, Ramanavicius A (2011) Baker’s yeast transformation studies by Atomic Force Microscopy. Adv Sci Lett 4:171–173
Sugar IP, Förster W, Neumann E (1987) Model of cell electrofusion: membrane electroporation, pore coalescence and percolation. Biophys Chem 26:321–335
Susil R, Semrov D, Miklavčič D (1998) Electric field-induced transmembrane potential depends on cell density and organization. Electro- and Magnetobiology 17:391–399
Taylor B (2016) Fruit and juice processing. In: Ashurst PR (ed) Chemistry and technology of soft drinks and fruit juices. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Chichester, pp 31–64
Tekle E, Oubrahim H, Dzekunov SM, Kolb JF, Schoenbach KH, Chock PB (2005) Selective field effects on intracellular vacuoles and vesicle membranes with nanosecond electric pulses. Biophys J 89:274–284
Tien HT, Ottova A (2003) The bilayer lipid membrane (BLM) under electrical fields. IEEE Trans Dielectr Electr Insul 10:717–727
Tiwari BK, Cullen PJ (2012) Extraction of red beet pigments. In: Neelwarne B (ed) Red Beet Biotechnology: food and Pharmaceutical Applications. Springer, New York, pp 373–391
To VHP, Nguyen TV, Vigneswaran S, Ngo HH (2016) A review on sludge dewatering indices. Water Sci Technol 74:1–16
Toepfl S (2006) Pulsed Electric Fields (PEF) for permeabilization of cell membranes in food- and bioprocessing: applications, process and equipment design and cost analysis. PhD thesis. von der Fakultät III Prozesswissenschaften der Technischen Universität Berlin, Germany
Toepfl S, Siemer C, Saldaña-Navarro G, Heinz V (2014) Chapter 6 – Overview of pulsed electric fields processing for food. In: Sun D-W (ed) Emerging technologies for food processing (second edition), 2nd edn. Academic Press, San Diego, pp 93–114
Varzakas TH, Leach GC, Israilides CJ, Arapoglou D (2005) Theoretical and experimental approaches towards the determination of solute effective diffusivities in foods. Enzym Microb Technol 37:29–41
Vicaş SI, Bandici L, Teuşdea AC, Turcin V, Popa D, Bandici GE (2017) The bioactive compounds, antioxidant capacity, and color intensity in must and wines derived from grapes processed by pulsed electric field [Compuestos bioactivos, capacidad antioxidante e intensidad de color en mosto y vinos derivados de uvas sometidas a tratamiento de campos eléctricos pulsados]. CYTA J Food 15:553–562. https://doi.org/10.1080/19476337.2017.1317667
Virkutyte J (2017) Aerobic treatment of effluents from pulp and paper industries. In: Current developments in biotechnology and bioengineering. Elsevier, pp 103–130
Vorobiev EI, Lebovka NI (eds) (2008) Electrotechnologies for extraction from food plants and biomaterials. Springer, New York
Vorobiev E, Lebovka N (2010) Enhanced extraction from solid foods and biosuspensions by pulsed electrical energy. Food Eng Rev 2:95–108
Vorobiev E, Lebovka N (2013) Enhancing extraction from solid foods and biosuspensions by electrical pulsed energy (pulsed electric field, pulsed ohmic heating and high voltage electrical discharge). In: Yanniotis S, Taoukis P, Stoforos NG, Karathanos VT (eds) Advances in food process engineering research and applications. Springer, pp 415–428
Vorobiev E, Lebovka N (2016a) Selective Extraction of Molecules from Biomaterials by Pulsed Electric Field Treatment. In: Miklavcic D (ed) Handbook of Electroporation. Springer, Cham, pp 1–16
Vorobiev E, Lebovka N (2016b) Applications of pulsed electric energy for biomass pretreatment in biorefinery. In: Mussatto SI (ed) Biomass fractionation technologies for a lignocellulosic feedstock based biorefinery. Elsevier, pp 151–168
Vorobiev E, Lebovka N (2019) Pulsed Electric Field in green processing and preservation of food products. In: Chemat F, Vorobiev E (eds) Green Food Processing techniques. Preservation, transformation, and extraction. Academic Press, London, pp 403–430
Vorobiev E, Lebovka N (2020) Processing of foods and biomass feedstocks by pulsed electric energy. Springer, Switzerland AG
Weaver JC, Chizmadzhev YA (1996) Theory of electroporation: a review. Bioelectrochem Bioenerg 41:135–160
Wiktor A, Śledź M, Nowacka M, Chudoba T, Witrowa-Rajchert D (2014) Pulsed electric field pretreatment for osmotic dehydration of apple tissue: experimental and mathematical modeling studies. Dry Technol 32:408–417. https://doi.org/10.1080/07373937.2013.834926
Winterhalter M, Helfrich W (1987) Effect of voltage on pores in membranes. Phys Rev A 36:5874
Wouters PC, Smelt JPPM (1997) Inactivation of microorganisms with pulsed electric fields: potential for food preservation. Food Biotechnol 11:193–229. https://doi.org/10.1080/08905439709549933
Xue D, Farid MM (2015) Pulsed electric field extraction of valuable compounds from white button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus). Innov Food Sci Emerg Technol 29:178–186
Yin YG, Cui YR, Wang T (2008) Study on extraction of polysaccharide from Inonotus obliquus by high intensity pulsed electric fields. Trans Chinese Soc Agric Mach 39:89–92
Zagorul’ko AY (1958) Obtaining of the diffusion juice with the help of electroplasmolysis. PhD thesis (Candidate of technical sciences), All-USSR Central Research Institute of Sugar Industry, Kiev, Ukraine (in Russian)
Zhang T-H, Wang S-J, Liu D-R, Yuan Y, Yu Y-L, Yin Y-G (2011) Optimization of exopolysaccharide extraction process from Tibetan spiritual mushroom by pulsed electric fields. Jilin Daxue Xuebao (Gongxueban)/(J Jilin Univ Eng Technol Ed) 41:882–886
Zhu Z, Bals O, Grimi N, Vorobiev E (2012) Pilot scale inulin extraction from chicory roots assisted by pulsed electric fields. Int J Food Sci Technol 47:1361–1368
Zhu Z, Luo J, Ding L, Bals O, Jaffrin MY, Vorobiev E (2013) Chicory juice clarification by membrane filtration using rotating disk module. J Food Eng 115:264–271
Zhu Z, Mhemdi H, Ding L, Bals O, Jaffrin MY, Grimi N, Vorobiev E (2015) Dead-end dynamic ultrafiltration of juice expressed from electroporated sugar beets. Food Bioprocess Technol 8:615–622
Zimmermann U (1986) Electrical breakdown, electropermeabilization and electrofusion. In: Reviews of physiology, biochemistry and pharmacology, vol 105. Springer, pp 175–256
Zimmermann U, Pilwat G, Riemann F (1974) Dielectric breakdown of cell membranes. Biophys J 14:881–899
Zimmermann U, Pilwat G, Beckers F, Riemann F (1976a) Effects of external electrical fields on cell membranes. Bioelectrochem Bioenerg 3:58–83
Zimmermann U, Pilwat G, Holzapfel C, Rosenheck K (1976b) Electrical hemolysis of human and bovine red blood cells. J Membr Biol 30:135–152
Zimmermann U, Riemann F, Pilwat G (1976c) Enzyme loading of electrically homogeneous human red blood cell ghosts prepared by dielectric breakdown. Biochim Biophys Acta (BBA) Biomembranes 436:460–474
Zimmermann U, Vienken J, Scheurich P (1980) Electric field induced fusion of biological cells. Eur Biophys J 6(86)
Zogzas NP, Maroulis ZB (1996) Effective moisture diffusivity estimation from drying data. A comparison between various methods of analysis. Dry Technol 14:1543–1573
Zudans I, Agarwal A, Orwar O, Weber SG (2007) Numerical calculations of single-cell electroporation with an electrolyte-filled capillary. Biophys J 92:3696–3705
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Vorobiev, E., Lebovka, N.I. (2022). Cell Membrane Permeabilization by Pulsed Electric Fields for Efficient Extraction of Intercellular Components from Foods. In: Raso, J., Heinz, V., Alvarez, I., Toepfl, S. (eds) Pulsed Electric Fields Technology for the Food Industry. Food Engineering Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70586-2_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70586-2_6
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-70585-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-70586-2
eBook Packages: Chemistry and Materials ScienceChemistry and Material Science (R0)