Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Digitalization in Africa: The Case of Public Programs in Ghana

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Business in Africa in the Era of Digital Technology

Part of the book series: Advances in Theory and Practice of Emerging Markets ((ATPEM))

Abstract

The rapid spread of digital technologies is generating both opportunities and challenges for sustainable development. Corporate bodies and government agencies in Africa are pursuing the advantages that can be derived from digitalization. This chapter focuses on the government digitalization programs and related challenges in Africa using Ghana as an exemplar. Drawing on extensive literature and other secondary sources, we examine the introduction and operations of digitalization programs in ports and harbours, national health insurance services, utility bill payments, financial services and digital addressing systems. Our review confirms that digitalization increases innovation, efficiency, transparency, etc. in both public and private sectors. However, weak infrastructure, inadequate human capital, insufficient stakeholder engagement and user education and training are challenges that inhibit the realization of full benefits. We recommend requisite infrastructure development and continuous digital education and training for service providers and users. Cyber security expertise is also crucial. Governments in Africa need to develop a policy framework which will encourage the adoption of digital platforms by corporates and government agencies.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 149.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Abebrese, K. (2019). ‘Implementing street addressing system in an evolving urban center. A case study of the Kumasi metropolitan area in Ghana’ Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 16949. Retrieved from https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/16949

  • Aboagye, J., & Anong, S. (2020). Provider and consumer perceptions on mobile money and microfinance integrations in Ghana: A financial inclusion approach. International Journal of Business and Economics Research. Special Issue: Microfinance and Local Development, 9(4), 276–297.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Adaba, G. B., & Ayoung, D. A. (2017). The development of a mobile money service: An exploratory actor-network study. Information Technology for Development, 23(4), 668–686.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Adaba, G. B., Ayoung, D. A., & Abbott, P. (2019). Exploring the contribution of mobile money to Well-being from a capability perspective. The Electronic Journal of Information Systems in Developing Countries, 85(4), e12079.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Addo, A., & Senyo, P. K. (2020). Does process reengineering and digitalization eliminate corruption? Exploring ‘paperless’ vehicle clearance at Ghana’s port. Research papers 107. Retrieved from https://aisel.aisnet.org/ecis2020_rp/107

  • Adrodegari, F., & Saccani, N. (2017). Business models for the service transformation of industrial firms. The Service Industries Journal, 37(1), 57–83.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Adu, E. P., Buabeng, T., Asamoah, K., & Damoah, C. M. (2020). Digitization of local revenue collection in Ghana: An evaluation of Accra metropolitan assembly (AMA). The Electronic Journal of Information Systems in Developing Countries, 86(1), e12112.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Agyekum, F., Locke, S., & Hewa-Wellalage, N. (2016). Financial inclusion and digital financial services: Empirical evidence from Ghana.

    Google Scholar 

  • Akomea-Frimpong, I., Andoh, C., Akomea-Frimpong, A., & Dwomoh-Okudzeto, Y. (2019). Control of fraud on mobile money services in Ghana: An exploratory study. Journal of Money Laundering Control., 22(2), 300–317.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Amagoh, F. (2015). An assessment of e-government in a west African country: The case of Nigeria. International Journal of Public Administration in the Digital Age (IJPADA), 2(3), 80–99.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Amankwaa, G., Asaaga, F. A., Fischer, C., & Awotwe, P. (2020). Diffusion of electronic water payment innovations in urban Ghana. Evidence from Tema Metropolis. Water, 12(4), 1011.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Amankwah-Sarfo, F., Effah, J., & Boateng, R. (2018). Import clearance digitalization and socioeconomic development: The case of Ghana.

    Google Scholar 

  • Amankwah-Sarfo, F. K., Effah, J., & Boateng, R. (2019). Digital infrastructure for port container handling and success or failure of stakeholders’ goals: A case study of Ghana.

    Google Scholar 

  • Amarinfotech.com. (2018). Why digital address system Ghana Post GPS become popular? Retrieved August 8, 2020, from https://www.amarinfotech.com/why-digital-address-system-ghana-post-gps-become-popular.html

  • Amegboe, W. N. (2019). The introduction of the paperless system and its impact on employee performance: A study of Tema port (Doctoral dissertation, University of Ghana).

    Google Scholar 

  • Amoah, A., Korley, K., & Asiama, R. K. (2020). Mobile money as a financial inclusion instrument: What are the determinants? International Journal of Social Economics, 47(10), 1283–1297.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Arakpogun, E. O., Elsahn, Z., Nyuur, R. B., & Olan, F. (2020). Threading the needle of the digital divide in Africa: The barriers and mitigations of infrastructure sharing. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 161, 120263.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ardolino, M., Rapaccini, M., Saccani, N., Gaiardelli, P., Crespi, G., & Ruggeri, C. (2018). The role of digital technologies for the service transformation of industrial companies. International Journal of Production Research, 56(6), 2116–2132.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Asamoah, K. (2019). Digitalization in Africa’s local governments: Public services in Ghana optimize the use of websites and social media?

    Google Scholar 

  • Atehnjia, D., Nsoh, C., & Obeng, F. (2020, 2020). Examining the factors affecting the implementation of a paperless port system. International Journal of Engineering Research and Advanced Technology (IJERAT), 6(7). https://doi.org/10.31695/IJERAT.2020.3626.

  • Baffour, P. T., Rahaman, W. A., & Mohammed, I. (2020). Impact of mobile money access on internal remittances, consumption expenditure and household welfare in Ghana. Journal of Economic and Administrative Sciences.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bekoe, W., Danquah, M., & Senahey, S. K. (2016). Tax reforms and revenue mobilization in Ghana. Journal of Economic Studies, 43(4), 522–534. https://doi.org/10.1108/JES-01-2015-0007.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bellucci, S., & Otenyo, E. E. (2019). Digitisation and the disappearing job theory: A role for the Ilo in Africa? In The ILO@ 100 (pp. 203–222). Leiden: Brill Nijhoff.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boaheng, J. M., Amporfu, E., Ansong, D., & Osei-Fosu, A. K. (2019). Determinants of paying national health insurance premium with mobile phone in Ghana: A cross-sectional prospective study. International Journal for Equity in Health, 18(1), 1–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boakye, E., & Nyieku, I. E. (2010). Cost recovery analysis of Ghana water company limited (Gwcl): A case study of Sekondi-Takoradi Metropolis. European Journal of Scientific Research, 46(1), 119–125.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bouwman, H., de Reuver, M. & Shahrokh, N. (2017). The impact of digitalization on business models: How IT artefacts, social media, and big data force firms to innovate their business model. In 14th International Telecommunications Society (ITS) Asia-Pacific regional conference, Kyoto, June 24–27.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bukht, R. & Heeks, R. (2018). Digital economy policy in developing countries. Paper no. 6. DIODE. Retrieved from www.diode.network/publications/

  • Choi, J., Dutz, M. A., & Usman, Z. (2020). The Future of Work in Africa: Harnessing the Potential of Digital Technologies for all. Washington: World Bank. Retrieved April 2020, from https://www.caasitechacademy.com/media/Future%20of%20Work%20-%20Africa.pdf.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Citifmonline.com. (2017). Single window system will ease congestion at port – GPHA [WWW DOC]. Retrieved June 10, 2020, from http://citifmonline.com/2015/01/single-window-system-will-ease-congestion-at-ports-gpha/

  • Darley, W. K. (2001). The internet and emerging E-commerce: Challenges and implications for management in sub-Saharan Africa. Journal of Global Information Technology Management, 4(4), 4–18.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Darley, W. K. (2003). Public policy challenges and implications of the internet and the emerging E-commerce for sub-Saharan Africa: A business perspective. Information Technology for Development, 10(1), 1–12.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dutta, S., Geiger, T., & Lanvin, B. (2015). The global information technology report 2015: ICTs for inclusive growth. Gevena: World Economic Forum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ewusi-Mensah, K. (2012). Problems of information technology diffusion in sub-Saharan Africa: The case of Ghana. Information Technology for Development, 18(3), 247–269.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fuchs, C., & Horak, E. (2008). Africa and the digital divide. Telematics and Informatics, 25(2), 99–116.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ghanaweb.com. (2019). Government to issue number plate to every house in Ghana. Retrieved August 8, 2020, from https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Government-to-issue-number-plates-to-every-house-in-Ghana-763093

  • GNA. (2017). Digitization of Ghana’s Economy Top Priority Of Government. Ghana News Agency (24th December 2017) https://www.modernghana.com/news/824832/digitization-of-ghanas-economy-top-priority-of.html (assessed on 12th July 2020)

  • Graphiconline.com. (2017a). Paperless operations takes-off with challenges. Retrieved June 10, 2020, from https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/paperless-operation-takes-off-with-challenges.html

  • Graphiconline.com. (2017b). Thinking aloud on digital addressing system. Retrieved October 24, 2020, from https://www.graphic.com.gh/features/civic-realities/thinking-aloud-on-digital-addressing-system.html

  • Graphiconline.com. (2020). Ghana to become the hub of digitisation in West Africa. Retrieved October 23, 2020, from https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/ghana-news-ghana-to-become-hub-of-digitization-in-west-africa-bawumia.html

  • Greengard, S. (2010). Cloud computing and developing nations. Communications of the ACM, 53(5), 18. Retrieved from http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?doid=1735223.1735232.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • GSMA. (2011). African Mobile Observatory 2011: Driving economic and social development through mobile services. London: GSMA. Retrieved from http://www.gsma.com/spectrum/wpcontent/uploads/2011/12/Africa-Mobile-Observatory-2011.pdf.

    Google Scholar 

  • GSMA. (2017). Country overview, Ghana: Driving Mobile-enabled digital transformation; GSMA: London, UK, 2017. Retrieved June 20, 2020, from https://www.gsma.com/mobilefordevelopment/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Ghana-Country-Overview.pdf

  • Gukurume, S., & Mahiya, I. T. (2020). Mobile money and the (un) making of social relations in Chivi, Zimbabwe. Journal of Southern African Studies, 1–15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gupta, G., & Bose, I. (2019). Strategic learning for digital market pioneering: Examining the transformation of Wishberry’s crowdfunding model. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 146, 865–876. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2018.06.020.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • GWCL. (2018). GWCL e-Billing Project: Progress Report; number 21.12.07.18. Accra, Ghana: Ghana Water Company Limited.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heavin, C., & Power, D. J. (2018). Challenges for digital transformation–towards a conceptual decision support guide for managers. Journal of Decision Systems, 27(sup1), 38–45.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hussain, S., & Mohan, R. (2008). Localization in Asia Pacific. In F. Librero & P. B. Arinto (Eds.), Digital review of Asia Pacific 2007/2008, 43–58. Ottawa: International Development Research Centre. Retrieved from https://www.idrc.ca/en/book/digital-review-asia-pacific-2007-2008.

    Google Scholar 

  • Iansiti, M., & Lakhani, K. R. (2014). Digital ubiquity: How connections, sensors, and data are revolutionizing business. Harvard Business Review, 92(11), 19.

    Google Scholar 

  • Internetworldstats.com. (2020). Internet users statistics for Africa; Africa Internet Usage, 2020 Population Stats and Facebook Subscribers. Retrieved November 29, 2020, from https://www.internetworldstats.com/stats1.htm

  • ITU. (2015). ICT facts & figures: The world in 2015. Geneva: International Telecommunication Union. Retrieved from http://www.itu.int/en/ITUD/Statistics/Documents/facts/ICTFactsFigures2015.pdf.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kanyengo, C. W. (2009). Managing digital information resources in Africa: Preserving the integrity of scholarship. The International Information & Library Review, 41(1), 34–43.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ke, Y., Wang, S., Chan, A. P., & Cheung, E. (2009). Research trend of public-private partnership in construction journals. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 135(10), 1076–1086.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Khan, K. S., Kunz, R., Kleijnen, J., & Antes, G. (2003). Five steps to conducting a systematic review. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 96(3), 118–121.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kohtamäki, M., Parida, V., Oghazi, P., Gebauer, H., & Baines, T. (2019). Digital servitization business models in ecosystems: A theory of the firm. Journal of Business Research, 104, 380–392.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar, T., Misra, H., & Mishra, D. P. (2013). Decentralisation and e-governance in Indian context: A case-based study. In Research paper funded by Sir Ratan Tata Trust; presented at 5th International Conference on E-governance (ICEG), 28–30 December, Hyderabad.

    Google Scholar 

  • Latos, B. A., Harlacher, M., Burgert, F., Nitsch, V., Przybysz, P., & Niewohner, S. M. (2018). Complexity drivers in digitalized work systems: Implications for cooperative forms of work. Advances in Science, Technology and Engineering Systems Journal, 3(5), 171–185.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lenka, S., Parida, V., & Wincent, J. (2017). Digitalization capabilities as enablers of value co-creation in servitizing firms. Psychology & Marketing, 34(1), 92–100.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lu, W., & Liu, J. (2014). Research into the moderating effects of progress and quality performance in project dispute negotiation. International Journal of Project Management, 32(4), 654–662.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Luz Martín-Peña, M., Díaz-Garrido, E., & Sánchez-López, J. M. (2018). The digitalization and servitization of manufacturing: A review on digital business models. Strategic Change, 27(2), 91–99.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Manyika, J., Lund, S., Singer, M., White, O., & Berry, C. (2016). Digital finance for all: Powering inclusive growth in emerging economies. San Francisco, CA: McKinsey Global Institute. Retrieved August 2020, from https://www.mckinsey.com/global-themes/employment-andgrowth/how-digital-finance-could-boost-growth-in-emerging-economies.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meltzer, J. (2014). Supporting the internet as a platform for international trade opportunities for small and medium-sized enterprises and developing countries. Global Economy & Development, (February), 69. Retrieved from https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/02-internet-internationaltrade-meltzer.pdf.

  • Miklian, J., & Hoelscher, K. (2017). Smart cities, Mobile technologies and social cohesion in India. Indian Journal of Human Development, 11(1), 1–16.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Misuraca, G. (2007). E-governance in Africa, from theory to action: A handbook on ICTs for local governance. IDRC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mkalama B. & Ndemo B. (2020). Orchestrating Smart cities, new disruptive business models and informal enterprises [online first]. IntechOpen. Retrieved December 3, 2020, from https://www.intechopen.com/online-first/orchestrating-smart-cities-new-disruptive-business-models-and-informal-enterprises. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94075

  • Mommoh, R. L., & Abubakar, S. K. (2019). Digitization of library materials in special libraries in Abuja, Nigeria. Information Impact: Journal of Information and Knowledge Management, 10(1), 14–23.

    Google Scholar 

  • Myovella, G., Karacuka, M., & Haucap, J. (2020). Digitalization and economic growth: A comparative analysis of sub-Saharan Africa and OECD economies. Telecommunications Policy, 44(2), 101856.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Narteh, B., Mahmoud, M. A., & Amoh, S. (2017). Customer behavioural intentions towards mobile money services adoption in Ghana. The Service Industries Journal, 37(7–8), 426–447.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • NCA. (2017). Quarterly Statistical Bulletin on Communications in Ghana. July–September 2017. Retrieved January 28, 2018, from https://nca.org.gh/assets/Uploads/stats-bulletin-Q3-2018.pdf

  • Neubert, M. (2018). The impact of digitalization on the speed of internationalization of lean global startups. Technology Innovation Management Review, 8(5), 44–54.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • NHIS. (2019). Mobile renewal service anniversary marked national. Health insurance scheme. Retrieved June 2020, from http://www.nhis.gov.gh/News/nhis-mobile-renewal-service-anniversary-marked-5274

  • Nicoletta, C., & Andrea, O. (2002). Measuring the digital divide: A framework for the analysis of cross-country differences. Journal of Information Technology, 17, 9–19.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nohumba, I., Nyambuya, C., & Nyambuya, G. (2020). Integrating offline and online platforms for seamless banking experience. Journal of Management & Administration, 2020(1), 45–72.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nyirenda-Jere, T., & Biru, T. (2015). Internet development and internet governance in Africa. Geneva: Internet Society. Retrieved from https://www.internetsociety.org/resources/doc/2015/internetdevelopment-and-internet-governance-in-africa/.

    Google Scholar 

  • OECD. (2018). Digital government review of Argentina - accelerating the digitalisation of the public OECD 2018. Retrieved June 2020, from https://www.oecd.org/gov/digital-government/digital-government-review-argentina-key-findings-2018.pdf.

  • Ohemeng, F. L. K., & Ofosu-Darkwah, K. (2014). Overcoming the digital divide in developing countries. Journal of Developing Societies, 30(3), 297–322. https://doi.org/10.1177/0169796X14536970.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Okae, P. (2018). A qualitative study of smartphone usage patterns: The case of Ghana. Science World Journal, 13(2), 58–63.

    Google Scholar 

  • Okeleke, K., & Stryjak, J. (2015). Building digital societies in Asia. London: GSMA. Retrieved from https://www.gsmaintelligence.com/research/?file=bd5b3cf1d0533f9c9641039ba6966864&download.

    Google Scholar 

  • Opresnik, D., & Taisch, M. (2015). The manufacturer’s value chain as a service-the case of remanufacturing. Journal of Remanufacturing, 5(1), 2.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Osabutey, E. L. C., & Croucher, R. (2018). Intermediate institutions and technology transfer in developing countries: The case of the construction industry in Ghana. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 128, 154–163.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Osabutey, E. L. C., Williams, K., & Debrah, A. Y. (2014). The potential for technology and knowledge transfers between foreign and local firms: A study of the construction industry in Ghana. Journal of World Business, 49(4), 560–571.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Osei-Kojo, A. (2017). E-government and public service quality in Ghana. Journal of Public Affairs, 17(3), e1620.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Owusu Kwateng, K., Osei-Wusu, E. E., & Amanor, K. (2019). Exploring the effect of online banking on bank performance using data envelopment analysis. Benchmarking: An International Journal, 27(1), 137–165. https://doi.org/10.1108/BIJ-06-2018-0154.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Parida, V., Sjödin, D. R., Lenka, S., & Wincent, J. (2015). Developing global service innovation capabilities: How global manufacturers address the challenges of market heterogeneity. Research-Technology Management, 58(5), 35–44.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Parida, V., Sjödin, D., & Reim, W. (2019). Reviewing literature on digitalization, business model innovation, and sustainable industry: Past achievements and future promises. Sustainability, 11(2), 391.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Patil, P. P., Dwivedi, Y. K., & Rana, N. P. (2017). Digital payments adoption: An analysis of literature. In Conference on e-business, e-services and e-society (pp. 61–70). Cham: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Prasad, K. (2012). E-governance policy for modernizing government through digital democracy in India. Journal of Information Policy, 2, 183–203.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rachinger, M., Rauter, R., Müller, C., Vorraber, W., & Schirgi, E. (2019). Digitalization and its influence on business model innovation. Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, 30(8), 1143–1160.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Renner-Micah, A., Effah, J., & Boateng, R. (2020). Institutionalisation of Health Insurance Digital Claims Platform (2020). AMCIS 2020 Proceedings. Retrieved November 12, 2020, from https://aisel.aisnet.org/amcis2020/global_dev/global_dev/13

  • Safewaternetwork.org. (2018). Digitising payment for household water connections in Ghana: Quantifying the impact of digital finance for household connections in Ghana. Retrieved from https://www.safewaternetwork.org/sites/default/files/SWN_Field_Insight_Digitizing_Payments_Ghana_Aug2018.pdf

  • Senyo, P. K., Effah, J. & Osabutey, E. L. C. (2020a). Digital platformisation as public sector transformation strategy: A Case of Ghana’s Paperless Port. Technological Forecasting and Social Change. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2020.120387.

  • Senyo, P. K., Osabutey, E. L., & Seny Kan, K. (2020b). Pathways to improving financial inclusion through mobile money: A fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis. Information Technology & People.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sigauke, D. & Nengomasha, C. (2011). Challanges and prospects facing digitization of historical records for their preservation. In Paper presented at the 2nd international conference on African digital libraries and archives. South Africa.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sjödin, D. R., Parida, V., & Kohtamäki, M. (2016). Capability configurations for advanced service offerings in manufacturing firms: Using fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis. Journal of Business Research, 69(11), 5330–5335.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sjödin, D., Parida, V., Jovanovic, M., & Visnjic, I. (2020). Value creation and value capture alignment in business model innovation: A process view on outcome-based business models. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 37(2), 158–183.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sklyar, A., Kowalkowski, C., Tronvoll, B., & Sörhammar, D. (2019). Organizing for digital servitization: A service ecosystem perspective. Journal of Business Research, 104, 450–460.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Statista. (2020). Internet penetration in Africa, by country. Retrieved November 18, 2020, from https://www.statista.com/statistics/1124283/internet-penetration-in-africa-by-country/

  • Sualihu, M. A., & Rahman, M. A. (2014). Payment behaviour of electricity consumers: Evidence from the greater Accra region of Ghana. Global Business Review, 15(3), 477–492.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thebftonline.com. (2020) IMM volume jumps over 400% in first half of 2020. Retrieved September 8, 2020, from https://thebftonline.com/23/07/2020/mmi-volume-jumps-by-over-400-in-first-half-of-2020/#:~:text=The%20huge%20jump%20in%20MMI,partner%20institutions%20have%20been%20running

  • Tranfield, D., Denyer, D., & Smart, P. (2003). Towards a methodology for developing evidence-informed management knowledge by means of systematic review. British Journal of Management, 14(3), 207–222.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Trujillo, L., González, M. M., & Jiménez, J. L. (2013). An overview on the reform process of African ports. Utilities Policy, 25, 12–22.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tsvetkova, N. (2018). Digital technologies and Asian and African countries. Asia and Africa Today, 9, 25–32. https://doi.org/10.31857/S032150750000688-8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • UNCTAD. (2019). Digital economy report 2019; Value creation and capture: implications for developing countries. United Nations. Retrieved August 2020, from https://unctad.org/system/files/official-document/der2019_en.pdf

  • UNESCO. (2011). Broadband: A platform for Progress: A report by the broadband Commission for Digital Development. Paris: International Telecommunication Union and UNESCO. Retrieved from http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0021/002198/219825e.pdf.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vendrell-Herrero, F., Bustinza, O. F., Parry, G., & Georgantzis, N. (2017). Servitization, digitization and supply chain interdependency. Industrial Marketing Management, 60, 69–81.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Winn, J. K. (2015). Mobile payments and financial inclusion: Kenya, Brazil and India as case studies. University of Washington School of law research paper. 2015.

    Google Scholar 

  • World Bank Group. (2019). Ghana Digital Economy Diagnostic. Retrieved September 7, 2020, from http://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/395721560318628665/pdf/Fourth-Ghana-Economic-Update-Enhancing-Financial-Inclusion-Africa-Region.pdf

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Koforidua Technical University, Koforidua, Ghana

    Anthony Ayakwah

  2. Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, UK

    Isaac S. Damoah

  3. Business School, University of Roehampton, London, UK

    Ellis L. C. Osabutey

Authors
  1. Anthony Ayakwah
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Isaac S. Damoah
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Ellis L. C. Osabutey
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ellis L. C. Osabutey .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Ghana Business School, Accra, Ghana

    James Baba Abugre

  2. Business School, University of Roehampton, London, UK

    Ellis L.C. Osabutey

  3. Faculty of Business, Athabasca University, Edmonton, AB, Canada

    Simon P. Sigué

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Ayakwah, A., Damoah, I.S., Osabutey, E.L.C. (2021). Digitalization in Africa: The Case of Public Programs in Ghana. In: Abugre, J.B., L.C. Osabutey, E., P. Sigué, S. (eds) Business in Africa in the Era of Digital Technology. Advances in Theory and Practice of Emerging Markets. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70538-1_2

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation