Abstract
Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) and Connected Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs) are being widely tested and rapidly developed over the past few years. With the development and increasing number of AVs and CAVs in mixed traffic flow, it is necessary to analyze their impact on traffic safety, flow, speed, fuel consumption, and emissions. Also, appropriate traffic control algorithms need to be developed before they can be fully implemented and integrated into the traffic environment. To do so, such mixed traffic flows must be simulated in various traffic scenarios. Traffic flow simulators paired with communication network simulators are commonly used to perform multiple simulations of such traffic flows. In this paper, three often used traffic simulators VISSIM, AIMSUN, and SUMO paired with network simulators NS-3 and OMNET++ with their features to model AVs and CAVs in a simulation environment are analyzed. According to currently available and tested simulators in the research community, the most used ones were compared. Results of the synthesized technical aspects of each suggest that AIMSUN Next is more suitable for a less complex traffic model. At the same time, VISSIM is more suitable for a more complex traffic model.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Aimsun Next (n.d.). Available at https://www.aimsun.com/aimsun-next/. Accessed 2 Feb 2020
Alazzawi S, Hummel M, Kordt P, Sickenberger T, Wieseotte C, Wohak O (2018) Simulating the impact of shared, autonomous vehicles on urban mobility - a case study of Milan. EPiC Series Eng 2:94–110
Bajpai JN (2016) Emerging vehicle technologies & the search for urban mobility solutions. Urban Plann Trans Res 4(1):83–100
Behrisch M, Bieker L, Erdmann J, Krajzewicz D (2011) SUMO—simulation of urban mobility an overview. Paper presented at the 3rd international conference on advances in system simulation, Barcelona, Spain, 23–29 October 2011
Cagney MR (2017) Autonomous vehicles: research report. http://mrcagney.com/case-studies/research/autonomous-vehicles-research-report/ Accessed 26 Jan 2020
Čakija D, Assirati L, Ivanjko E, Cunha AL (2019) Autonomous intersection management: a short review. Paper presented at the international symposium ELMAR, Zadar, Croatia, 23–25 September 2019
Campbell M, Egerstedt M, How J, Murray RM (2010) Autonomous driving in urban environments: approaches, lessons and challenges. Philos Trans Royal Soc A Math Phys Eng Sci 368(1928):4649–4672
Dandl F, Bracher B, Bogenberger K (2017) Microsimulation of an autonomous taxi-system in Munich. Paper presented at the 5th IEEE international conference on models and technologies for intelligent transportation systems (MT-ITS), Naples, Italy, 26–28 June 2017
Deshpande P (2014) Road safety and accident prevention in India: A review. Int J Adv Eng Technol 5(2):64–68
Domingues G, Cabral J, Mota J, Pontes P, Kokkinogenis Z, Rossetti RJF (2018) Traffic simulation of lane-merging of autonomous vehicles in the context of platooning. Paper presented at the 2018 IEEE international smart cities conference (ISC2), Kansas City, MO, USA, 16–19 September 2018
Fernandes P, Nunes UJ (2010) Platooning of autonomous vehicles with intervehicle communications in SUMO traffic simulator. Paper presented at the 13th international conference on intelligent transportation systems (ITSC 2010). Madeira Island, Portugal, 19–22 September 2010
Gawron JH, Keoleian GA, De Kleine R, Wallington TJ, Kim HC (2018) Life cycle assessment of connected and automated vehicles: sensing and computing subsystem and vehicle level effects. Environ Sci Technol 52
Kenney JB (2011) Dedicated short-range communications (DSRC) standards in the United States. Proc IEEE 99(7):1162–1182
Khondaker B, Kattan L (2018) Variable speed limit: a microscopic analysis in a connected vehicle environment. Transp Res Part C 58:146–159
Knight W (2015) Car-to-car communication. https://www.technologyreview.com/s/534981/car-to-car-communication/
Lavasani M, Jin X, Du Y (2016) Market penetration model for autonomous vehicles on the basis of earlier technology adoption experience. Trans Res Rec J Trans Res Board 2597:67–74
Lin C, Dong F, Hirota K (2014) A cooperative driving control protocol for cooperation intelligent autonomous vehicle using VANET technology. Paper presented at the 2014 joint 7th international conference on soft computing and intelligent systems (SCIS) and 15th international symposium on advanced intelligent systems (ISIS), Kitakyushu, Japan, 3–6 December 2014
Liu W, Wang X, Zhang W, Yang L, Peng C (2016) Coordinative simulation with SUMO and NS3 for vehicular Ad Hoc networks. Paper presented at the 22nd Asia-Pacific conference on communications, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, 25–27 Aug 2016
Lu N, Cheng N, Zhang N, Shen X, Mark JW (2014) Connected vehicles: solutions and challenges. IEEE Internet Things J 1(4):289–299
Mattas K, Makridis M, Hallac P, Alonso Raposo M, Thiel C, Toledo T, Ciuffo B (2018) Simulating deployment of connectivity and automation on the Antwerp ring road. IET Intel Transport Syst 12(9):1036–1044
NHTSA (2017) US DOT releases new automated driving systems guidance. https://www.nhtsa.gov/press-releases/us-dot-releases-new-automated-driving-systems-guidance. Accessed 21 Jan 2020
NS-3 network simulator (n.d.) Available at https://www.nsnam.org/. Accessed 3 Feb 2020
OMNET++ Discrete Event Simulator (n.d.) Available at https://omnetpp.org/. Accessed 3 Feb 2020
Pereira JLF, Rossetti RJF (2012) An integrated architecture for autonomous vehicles simulation. Artificial Intelligence and Computer Science Laboratory, Department of Informatics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto
Perraki G, Roncoli C, Papamichail I, Papageorgiou M (2018) Evaluation of a model predictive control framework for motorway traffic involving conventional and automated vehicles. Trans Res Part C 92:456–471
PTV Vissim (2017) PTV VISSIM & CONNECTED AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES. Available at http://www.sfbayite.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/1%20VISSIM_CAV_SFITE_April2017.pdf. Accessed 28 Jan 2020
PTV Vissim (2017) PTV VISSIM Webinar: Why Simulate Connected & Autonomous Vehicles on our Transport Systems?. Available at: https://www.ptvgroup.com/en/contact-support/webinars/. Accessed 28 Jan 2020
Rakkesh ST, Weerasinghe AR, Ranasinghe RAC (2017) An intelligent highway traffic model using cooperative vehicle platooning techniques. Paper presented at the 2017 Moratuwa engineering research conference, Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, 29–31 May 2017
SAE International (2018) Taxonomy and Definitions For Terms Related To Driving Automation Systems For On-Road Motor Vehicles J3016_201806. SAE international. https://saemobilus.sae.org/content/j3016_201806. Accessed 22 Jan 2020
Sagir F, Ukkusuri S (2018) Mobility impacts of autonomous vehicle systems. Paper presented at the 21st international conference on intelligent transportation systems, Maui, Hawaii, USA, 4–7 November 2018
Segata M, Joerer S, Bloessl B, Sommer C, Dressler F, Lo Cigno R (2014) PLEXE: a platooning extension for veins. Paper presented at the 2014 IEEE vehicular networking conference (VNC), Paderborn, Germany, 3–5 December 2014
Shen Z, Zhang X, Wang S, Yang D (2018) A car following based rate control algorithm for VANET in intelligent transportation systems. In: Proceedings of the 2018 IEEE wireless communications and networking conference, Barcelona, Spain, 15–18 April 2018
Shladover SE (2007) PATH at 20—history and major milestones. IEEE Trans Intell Trans Syst 8(4):584–592
Sommer C, Dressler F (2010) Bidirectionally coupled network and road traffic simulation for improved IVC analysis. IEEE Trans Mob Comput 10(1):3–15
Treiber M, Hennecke A, Helbing D (2000) Congested traffic states in empirical observations and microscopic simulations. Phys Rev E 62:1805–1824
US DOT (2020) Ensuring American leadership in automated vehicle technologies, automated vehicles 4.0, US DOT. https://www.transportation.gov/policy-initiatives/automated-vehicles/av-40. Accessed 3 Feb 2020
Virdi N, Grzybowska H, Waller ST, Dixit V (2019) A safety assessment of mixed fleets with connected and autonomous vehicles using the surrogate safety assessment module. Accid Anal Prev 131:95–111
Wegener A, Piorkowski M, Raya M, Hellbruck H, Fischer S, Hubaux JP (2008) TraCI: an interface for coupling road traffic and network simulators. Paper presented at the 11th communications and networking simulation symposium, April 2008
Wu C, Kreidlieh AR, Parvate K, Vitinsky E, Bayen AM (2019) Flow: a modular learning framework for autonomy in traffic. IEEE Transactions on robotics (in review). 2019 Available at https://arxiv.org/abs/1710.05465
Zhou M, Qu X, Jin S (2016) On the impact of cooperative autonomous vehicles in improving freeway merging: a modified intelligent driver model-based approach. IEEE Trans Intell Transp Syst 18(6):1422–1428
Zhou H, Xu W, Chen J, Wang W (2020) Evolutionary V2X technologies toward the internet of vehicles: challenges and opportunities. Proc IEEE 108(2):308–323
Acknowledgements
The authors thank the companies PTV Group for providing a VISSIM research license, and AIMSUN for providing an AIMSUN NEXT classroom license. This work has been partly supported by the University of Zagreb and Faculty of Transport and Traffic Sciences under the grants “Investigation of the impact of autonomous vehicles on urban traffic flow characteristics” and “Innovative models and control strategies for intelligent mobility”, and by the European Regional Development Fund under the grant KK.01.1.1.01.0009 (DATACROSS). This research has also been carried out within the activities of the Centre of Research Excellence for Data Science and Cooperative Systems supported by the Ministry of Science and Education of the Republic of Croatia.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Vrbanić, F., Čakija, D., Kušić, K., Ivanjko, E. (2021). Traffic Flow Simulators with Connected and Autonomous Vehicles: A Short Review. In: Petrović, M., Novačko, L. (eds) Transformation of Transportation. EcoProduction. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66464-0_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66464-0_2
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-66463-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-66464-0
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)