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First-Generation Transgenic Cotton Crops

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Cotton Precision Breeding

Abstract

Cotton is an important natural fiber crop and is known as “white gold” due to its economic importance. Its seed is also a source of oil, proteins, and feed for the livestock. Sustaining cotton production has been a major challenge owing to the multitude of biotic and abiotic stresses. Among these, the infestation of insect pests and diseases are the most devastating yield depressing factors. Keeping insect population under control heavily relies on the application of chemicals (pesticides) which may raise serious environmental concerns. Production of insecticidal proteins in the cotton plants through different genetic means opened a new era of insect-pest management. On the basis of number of transgenes introduced, three different generations of the Bt-cotton (cotton expressing genes coding for different insect toxins from the soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis) have been developed. The first generation of Bt cotton carried a single Bt gene, while the second- and third-generation Bt cottons contained double and triple genes for a better control over lepidopteran insects. In addition to Bt genes, genes conferring tolerance to different herbicides have also been introduced in cotton for controling weeds more effectively. Cultivation of Bt cotton has been instrumental in controlling bollworms; however, the emergence of resistance in insects against the Bt toxins has been reported in few regions worldwide. In this chapter, current state of the art knowledge on transgenic cotton including generations of Bt cotton, mechanism of action, risk assessment, and prospects has been discussed.

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Author notes

  1. Aftab Ahmad and Muhammad Zubair Ghouri contributed equally with all other contributors.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Advanced Studies in Agriculture and Food Security (CAS-AFS), University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan

    Aftab Ahmad, Muhammad Zubair Ghouri & Sultan Habibullah Khan

  2. Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan

    Aftab Ahmad & Amer Jamil

  3. Center for Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology (CABB), University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan

    Muhammad Zubair Ghouri & Sultan Habibullah Khan

  4. Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering (NIBGE) College, Faisalabad, Pakistan

    Niaz Ahmad & Mehboob-ur- Rahman

  5. Pakistan Institute for Engineering and Applied Science (PIEAS), Islamabad, Pakistan

    Niaz Ahmad & Mehboob-ur- Rahman

Authors
  1. Aftab Ahmad
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  2. Muhammad Zubair Ghouri
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  3. Amer Jamil
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  4. Sultan Habibullah Khan
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  5. Niaz Ahmad
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  6. Mehboob-ur- Rahman
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Aftab Ahmad .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering (NIBGE) College, Faisalabad, Pakistan

    Mehboob-ur- Rahman

  2. Pakistan Agriculture Research Council, Islamabad, Pakistan

    Yusuf Zafar

  3. College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hanzhou, China

    Tianzhen Zhang

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Ahmad, A., Ghouri, M.Z., Jamil, A., Khan, S.H., Ahmad, N., Rahman, Mu. (2021). First-Generation Transgenic Cotton Crops. In: Rahman, Mu., Zafar, Y., Zhang, T. (eds) Cotton Precision Breeding. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64504-5_10

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