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Beyond Bt: Alternative Strategies for Insect-Resistant Genetically Modified Crops

  • Chapter
Integration of Insect-Resistant Genetically Modified Crops within IPM Programs

Part of the book series: Progress in Biological Control ((PIBC,volume 5))

Abstract

Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) plants dominate today’s commercial market for insect-resistant transgenic crops. However, not all pests are susceptible to Bt Cry toxins and there are concerns that even susceptible species may evolve to become resistant to these crops. The search for alternatives is well under way, with significant progress already made towards producing transgenic crops expressing insecticidal compounds from plants, such as protease inhibitors, lectins and alpha-amylase inhibitors. New types of proteins from B. thuringiensis, such as the vegetative insecticidal proteins, are also being exploited. At an earlier stage of development but attracting much research interest are other insecticidal compounds, such as chitinases, defensins, enhancins, biotin-binding proteins, proteases and toxins, sourced from bacteria, viruses, plants and arthropods. Fusion proteins, combining the features of different insecticidal proteins, have significant potential for extending the range of insect species which could be controlled via transgenic plants. In the future, metabolic engineering of plants could allow us to alter with great precision the ways in which plants and insects interact. The compatibility of these novel insect control strategies with biological control and integrated pest management is discussed.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. The Horticulture and Food Research Institute of New Zealand Limited, Auckland, New Zealand

    Louise A. Malone

  2. University of Newcastle, UK

    Angharad M. R. Gatehouse

  3. AgResearch Invermay, PB 50034, Mosgiel, New Zealand

    Barbara I. P. Barratt

Authors
  1. Louise A. Malone
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  2. Angharad M. R. Gatehouse
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  3. Barbara I. P. Barratt
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Correspondence to Louise A. Malone .

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  1. Agroscope Reckenholz-Tänikon Research Station ART, Reckenholzstrasse 191, 8046, Zurich, Switzerland

    Jörg Romeis

  2. Department of Entomology, Cornell University/NYSAES, Geneva, NY, 14456, USA

    Anthony M. Shelton

  3. Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7630, USA

    George G. Kennedy

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Malone, L.A., Gatehouse, A.M.R., Barratt, B.I.P. (2008). Beyond Bt: Alternative Strategies for Insect-Resistant Genetically Modified Crops. In: Romeis, J., Shelton, A.M., Kennedy, G.G. (eds) Integration of Insect-Resistant Genetically Modified Crops within IPM Programs. Progress in Biological Control, vol 5. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8373-0_13

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