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Biomonitoring and Bioremediation of a Transboundary River in India: Functional Roles of Benthic Mollusks and Fungi

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Spatial Modeling and Assessment of Environmental Contaminants

Part of the book series: Environmental Challenges and Solutions ((ECAS))

Abstract

The increasing trend of eco-degradation of the different landscapes of the world, mostly because of human-mediated pollution has emerged as a burning environmental issue across the globe. This has necessitated to undertake sustainable eco-management in order not only to achieve proper eco-restoration of the disturbed and degraded ecosystems but also to ensure a continuous supply of ecosystem services. The embedded complexity and dynamism of the ecological problems of the riverine ecosystem require an in-depth analysis to achieve flexible, transparent, and viable environmental planning and management approaches incorporating and integrating a diversity of knowledge and values. Both the biomonitoring (an important component of eco-monitoring) and bioremediation (an integral part of any eco-restoration effort) help achieving the goal of sustainability of the functioning of the river ecosystem. This chapter of the book has dealt with the different merits and demits of such recent developments in the arena of aquatic ecosystem management practices citing case studies emphasizing on the functional roles of benthic mollusks and fungi from a transboundary river, named as Subarnarekha, India. In dealing with such studies, meticulous and detailed analyses of the ecology of these major groups of the organisms, both from the field-based and experimental studies have been made in order to justify their contribution to the biomonitoring and bioremediation process. Deduction of Water Quality Index (WQI), Biotic Community Indices, Pollution Load Index (PLI), and Bio-Concentration Factor (BCF) based on the major prevailing water quality parameters such as Dissolved oxygen (DO), Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), Chemical oxygen demand (COD), temperature, pH, turbidity, Total dissolved solids (TDS), conductivity, alkalinity, calcium, magnesium, chloride, total hardness, etc.; geo-chemical parameters of soils such as moisture content, pH, texture (sand, silt, and clay), organic matter, available nitrogen, and toxic substances such as heavy metals alongside documenting the diversity, distribution, and abundance of studied species across the studied stretch of the riverine flows, have been correlated with the biomonitoring and bioremediation of the riverine ecosystem, alongside citing an update on the recent literature concerning the strategies available for biomonitoring and bioremediation focusing mainly on the metal-contaminated water bodies using aquatic biota with a critical discussion on their main advantages and limitations.

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Acknowledgments

The authors are thankful to the West Bengal Pollution Control Board for financial support. Special thanks are due to Dr. Subrata Jana, Assistant Professor of Geography for helping the preparation of location maps. The library and laboratory facilities provided by the Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, India is thankfully acknowledged.

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  1. Department of Zoology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, India

    Susanta Kumar Chakraborty, Hirulal Pakhira & Kishalay Paria

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  1. Susanta Kumar Chakraborty
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  2. Hirulal Pakhira
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  1. PG Department of Geography, Raja N. L. Khan Women’s College (Autonomous), Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, India

    Pravat Kumar Shit

  2. ICAR-Indian Institute of Water Management, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India

    Partha Pratim Adhikary

  3. Department of Geology and Geophysics, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Kharagpur, West Bengal, India

    Debashish Sengupta

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Chakraborty, S.K., Pakhira, H., Paria, K. (2021). Biomonitoring and Bioremediation of a Transboundary River in India: Functional Roles of Benthic Mollusks and Fungi. In: Shit, P.K., Adhikary, P.P., Sengupta, D. (eds) Spatial Modeling and Assessment of Environmental Contaminants. Environmental Challenges and Solutions. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63422-3_30

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