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Galectin-3 Promotes ROS, Inflammation, and Vascular Fibrosis in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

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Lung Inflammation in Health and Disease, Volume I

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 1303))

Abstract

Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH) is a progressive vascular disease arising from the narrowing of pulmonary arteries (PA) resulting in high pulmonary arterial blood pressure and ultimately right ventricular (RV) failure. A defining characteristic of PAH is the excessive remodeling of PA that includes increased proliferation, inflammation, and fibrosis. There is no cure for PAH nor interventions that effectively impede or reverse PA remodeling, and research over the past several decades has sought to identify novel molecular mechanisms of therapeutic benefit. Galectin-3 (Gal-3; Mac-2) is a carbohydrate-binding lectin that is remarkable for its chimeric structure, comprised of an N-terminal oligomerization domain and a C-terminal carbohydrate-recognition domain. Gal-3 is a regulator of changes in cell behavior that contribute to aberrant PA remodeling including cell proliferation, inflammation, and fibrosis, but its role in PAH is poorly understood. Herein, we summarize the recent literature on the role of Gal-3 in the development of PAH and provide experimental evidence supporting the ability of Gal-3 to influence reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, NOX enzyme expression, inflammation, and fibrosis, which contributes to PA remodeling. Finally, we address the clinical significance of Gal-3 as a target in the development of therapeutic agents as a treatment for PAH.

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  1. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia

    Scott A. Barman & David J. R. Fulton

  2. Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia

    Zsuzsanna Bordan, Robert Batori, Stephen Haigh & David J. R. Fulton

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Barman, S.A., Bordan, Z., Batori, R., Haigh, S., Fulton, D.J.R. (2021). Galectin-3 Promotes ROS, Inflammation, and Vascular Fibrosis in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. In: Wang, YX. (eds) Lung Inflammation in Health and Disease, Volume I. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 1303. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63046-1_2

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