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Autoimmune and Paraneoplastic Movement Disorders

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Neuroimmunology

Abstract

Movement disorders are a common manifestation of many antibody-mediated central system diseases. They can occur in isolation or as part of a multifocal neurologic process. Autoantibody targets are diverse, and the clinical spectrum is wide and encompasses multiple categories such as ataxia, hyperkinetic, and hypokinetic disorders. Autoimmune movement disorders should be considered in the differential diagnosis for all movement disorder phenotypes in patients of all ages. Antibody detection in serum or cerebrospinal fluid may help establish a diagnosis and direct the cancer search, as sometimes these disorders are paraneoplastic. Recognition is important as they can mimic neurodegenerative disorders, and they often respond to immunotherapy. In this chapter, we review the clinical features, radiographic findings, antibody association, and therapeutic approach to different antibody-mediated movement disorders.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurology, Division of Multiple Sclerosis and Autoimmune Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Florida, FL, USA

    A. Sebastian López-Chiriboga

  2. Department of Neurology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Division of Multiple Sclerosis and Autoimmune Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Florida, FL, USA

    Andrew McKeon

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  1. A. Sebastian López-Chiriboga
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Correspondence to A. Sebastian López-Chiriboga .

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  1. University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA

    Amanda L. Piquet

  2. University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA

    Enrique Alvarez

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López-Chiriboga, A.S., McKeon, A. (2021). Autoimmune and Paraneoplastic Movement Disorders. In: Piquet, A.L., Alvarez, E. (eds) Neuroimmunology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61883-4_14

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