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Sex-Specific Differences of Apoptosis in Heart Failure Due to Volume-Overload

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Sex Differences in Heart Disease

Part of the book series: Advances in Biochemistry in Health and Disease ((ABHD,volume 21))

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Abstract

Volume overload induced by arteriovenous shunt for 4 and 16 weeks has been shown to produce sex-specific alterations in cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure, respectively. These changes were accompanied by sex-dependent alterations in the pro- and anti-apoptotic protein content and cardiomyocyte apoptosis in the heart. Cardiac hypertrophy in both male and female hearts produced a small depression in the extent of apoptosis without any change in mRNA levels for caspases 3 and 9. On the other hand, heart failure in males, unlike females, showed a marked increase in apoptosis and elevated mRNA levels for both caspase isoforms. Content for unphosphorylated and phosphorylated Bad proteins as well as Bax protein content in failing male hearts were higher than those in female hearts. Phosphorylated Bcl-2 protein content in male failing hearts were lower and that for females were higher in comparison to the respective sham control values. Increased apoptosis as well as the protein content for caspase 3, caspase 9, phosphorylated Bad and Bax in 16 weeks AV-shunt ovariectomized animals were attenuated by treatment with estrogen. AV-shunt induced alterations in Bcl-2 and phosphorylated Bcl-2 protein content in ovariectomized hearts were also prevented by estrogen treatment. These alterations in cardiomyocyte apoptosis as well as, pro-and anti-apoptotic factors in the heart may provide a possible mechanism to explain the sex-specific differences in the cardiac remodelling and cardiac function induced by volume overload.

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Acknowledgments

The infrastructure support for this project was provided by the St. Boniface Hospital Research Foundation, Winnipeg, Canada.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R2H 2A6, Canada

    Sukhwinder K. Bhullar & Naranjan S. Dhalla

  2. Department of Kinesiology, Nutrition and Food Science, California State University, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Anureet K. Shah

Authors
  1. Sukhwinder K. Bhullar
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  2. Anureet K. Shah
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  3. Naranjan S. Dhalla
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Correspondence to Naranjan S. Dhalla .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic

    Bohuslav Ostadal

  2. St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Winnipeg, MB, Canada

    Naranjan S. Dhalla

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Bhullar, S.K., Shah, A.K., Dhalla, N.S. (2020). Sex-Specific Differences of Apoptosis in Heart Failure Due to Volume-Overload. In: Ostadal, B., Dhalla, N.S. (eds) Sex Differences in Heart Disease. Advances in Biochemistry in Health and Disease, vol 21. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58677-5_7

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