Abstract
Turbulent flow and heat transfer is more common in engineering applications than laminar flow and heat transfer that has been the subject of the previous two chapters. Analysis of turbulent flow is substantially more complex, as will become clear later on, and hence our understanding of turbulent flows is largely through experimental observations. In this chapter, we make an attempt to give a first level treatment of a rather complex subject just so that the reader may be able to do some simple but application oriented problems in heat transfer. More advanced texts may be consulted by the interested reader.
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Notes
- 1.
H. Schlichting & K. Gersten, Boundary Layer Theory, 8th Edition, Springer 2000.
- 2.
Osborne Reynolds, 1842–1912, British Fluid Dynamicist. The original experimental setup by Reynolds is still at the University of Manchester where he spent his entire career.
- 3.
Time-averaged governing equations are referred to as Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes Equations or RANS Equations.
- 4.
Even though we are considering the Cartesian form here, it is possible to do a similar analysis using equations in the other two coordinate systems, viz., cylindrical and spherical coordinates.
- 5.
If we were to Reynolds average the Navier Stokes equations, we would obtain a turbulent stress tensor represented as a \(3\times 3\) matrix.
- 6.
W.M.Kays and M.E.Crawford, Convective Heat and Mass Transfer, McGraw Hill International Edition, 1993.
- 7.
Colebrook, C. F. and White, C. M., “Experiments with Fluid Friction in Roughened Pipes”, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences 161 (906): 367–381, 1937.
- 8.
L.F. Moody, Trans. ASME, Vol. 66, p. 671, 1944.
- 9.
F.W. Dittus and L.M.K. Boelter, Univ. of Calif, Berkeley, Publications on Eng., Vol. 2, pp. 443–461, 1930.
- 10.
Sieder, E.N. and Tate, G.E., Heat transfer and pressure drop of liquids in tubes, Ind. Eng. Chem., Vol. 28, p. 1429, 1936.
- 11.
Named after Thomas Edward Stanton, 1865–1931, British engineer who studied under Osborne Reynolds.
- 12.
A. Zhukauskas, in Advances in Heat Transfer, J.P. Hartnett and T.F. Irvine Jr (Eds.), Vol. 8, pp. 93–160, Academic Press N.Y.
- 13.
M.R. Head, A.R.C. Technical Report R. & M. No. 3152, 1960.
- 14.
B. Schulz-Jander, Acta Mechanica, Vol. 21, pp. 301–312, 1975.
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Venkateshan, S.P. (2021). Convection in Turbulent Flow. In: Heat Transfer . Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58338-5_14
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58338-5_14
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