Abstract
Bacterial resistance to conventional antibiotics is a growing issue, and the development of novel antimicrobial compounds has not been able to keep pace with the emergence of multi drug resistant pathogens. Antimicrobial peptides are source of inspiration for the development of next generation antimicrobial drugs; however, there are key limitations to the use of natural antimicrobial peptides, owing in large part to common pharmacological features that preclude their use outside of topical applications. The development of novel antimicrobial peptides and peptidomimetics via strategic chemical alterations is a means of improving on the functionality of natural antimicrobial peptides while tuning their pharmacological properties and in some instances, imparting novel mechanisms of action and functions outside of bactericidal activity as well.
Herein we first review natural antimicrobial peptides, their current use as clinical agents, and the ways in which they are typically classified. An overview of the key physicochemical properties of antimicrobial peptides and the ways in which they relate to each other and the impact they have on pharmacological properties is then presented together with a discussion of key limitations relating to bioavailability, toxicity, resistance development, and production and synthesis. Lastly, an overview of several approaches for the improvement and development of novel peptides and peptidomimetics via chemical modifications and strategic alterations are given. Together, these sections should contain a means for the understanding of antimicrobial peptides and the ways in which they are able to target resistant pathogens, and provides a framework for the development of fine-tuned synthetic antimicrobial peptides and peptidomimetics (see Fig. 7.1).
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MLC was supported in part by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (Project Number 075-15-2019-1880).
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Weeks, R., Algburi, A., Chikindas, M. (2021). Antimicrobial Peptides and Peptidomimetics for the Control of Antimicrobial Resistance. In: Panwar, H., Sharma, C., Lichtfouse, E. (eds) Sustainable Agriculture Reviews 49. Sustainable Agriculture Reviews, vol 49. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58259-3_7
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