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PET and SPECT Imaging of Neurotoxicity

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PET and SPECT in Neurology

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Abstract

From conception until death, we are exposed to neurotoxins that can potentially induce toxic encephalopathy. Neurotoxins can cause acute adverse effects or show delayed symptoms. They can even induce impaired brain development in the offspring of exposed pregnant females. Both in patients and in animals, it can be difficult to establish the effects of toxins on the (developing) brain. Functional imaging with positron emission tomography (PET) or single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) could provide useful tools for preclinical testing of (developmental) neurotoxicity of potential toxic substances. These techniques could also aid clinicians in determining the damage that was done to brain functioning by exposure to a neurotoxin, and they may provide insight in the mechanisms that are involved in the intoxication. This book chapter reviews the potential applications of PET and SPECT imaging in (developmental) neurotoxicity testing and in the evaluation of functional deficits in the brain after exposure to neurotoxins.

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Abbreviations

[11C]DOPA:

l-[11C]-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine

[18F]FDG:

2′-[18F]fluoro-2′-deoxyglucose

[18F]FDOPA:

l-6-[18F]fluoro-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine

BBB:

Blood–brain barrier

LPS:

Lipopolysaccharide

MAM:

Methylazoxymethanol

MPTP:

1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine

MRI:

Magnetic resonance imaging

PCBs:

Polychlorinated biphenyls

PET:

Positron emission tomography

SPECT:

Single-photon emission computed tomography

TCDD:

2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

    Erik F. J. de Vries & Rudi A. J. O. Dierckx

  2. Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium

    Rudi A. J. O. Dierckx

  3. Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Zeist, The Netherlands

    Didima M. G. de Groot

  4. Neurotoxicology|Safety Pharmacology, Stevensbeek, The Netherlands

    Didima M. G. de Groot

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  1. Erik F. J. de Vries
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Correspondence to Erik F. J. de Vries .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

    Rudi A. J. O. Dierckx

  2. Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Medical Engineering and Computer Science, Offenburg University, Offenburg, Germany

    Andreas Otte

  3. Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

    Erik F. J. de Vries

  4. Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

    Aren van Waarde

  5. Neurology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

    Klaus L. Leenders

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de Vries, E.F.J., Dierckx, R.A.J.O., de Groot, D.M.G. (2021). PET and SPECT Imaging of Neurotoxicity. In: Dierckx, R.A.J.O., Otte, A., de Vries, E.F.J., van Waarde, A., Leenders, K.L. (eds) PET and SPECT in Neurology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53168-3_34

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-53167-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-53168-3

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

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