Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Subsequent Primary Cancer After Childhood, Teenage and Young Adult Cancer

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Late Treatment Effects and Cancer Survivor Care in the Young

  • 495 Accesses

Abstract

Survivors of childhood cancer experience substantial premature mortality and among mature survivors subsequent primary cancer accounts for a majority of the excess number of deaths observed. We report the risk of subsequent primary cancer after childhood cancer and separately after adolescent and young adult cancer, and demonstrate that the risks are substantially different, and therefore any temptation of extrapolating from one group to the other should be avoided. We discuss risk factors for subsequent primary cancer including radiation from radiotherapy, chemotherapy and genetic factors. Finally we comment on the recent worldwide initiative to establish collaborations to produce internationally standardised clinical guidelines for the evidence-based long-term follow-up of survivors.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 189.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Reulen RC, et al. Long-term cause-specific mortality among survivors of childhood cancer. JAMA. 2010;304(2):172–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Fidler MM, et al. On behalf of the British Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (BCCSS) Steering Group. Long term cause specific mortality among 34,489 5 year survivors of childhood cancer in Great Britain: population based cohort study. BMJ. 2016;354:i4351.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Reulen RC, et al. Long-term risks of subsequent primary neoplasms among survivors of childhood cancer. JAMA. 2011;305(22):2311–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Olsen JH, et al. Lifelong cancer incidence in 47,697 patients treated for childhood cancer in the Nordic countries. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2009;101:806–13.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Scholz-Kreisel P, et al. Second malignancies following childhood cancer treatment in Germany from 1980-2014. Dtsch Arztebl Int 2018. 2018;115(23):385–92.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Wong KF, et al. Risk of adverse health and social outcomes up to 50 years after Wilms tumor: the British childhood cancer survivor study. J Clin Oncol. 2016;34(15):1772–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Taylor AJ, et al. On behalf of the British Childhood Cancer Survivor Study. Populationbased risks of CNS tumours in survivors of childhood cancer: the British Childhood Cancer Survivor Study. J Clin Oncol. 2010;28(36):5287–93.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Grabow D, et al. The PanCareSurFup cohort of 83,333 5-year survivors of childhood cancer: a cohort from 12 European countries. Eur J Epidemol. 2018;33(3):335–49.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Byrne J, et al. The PanCareSurFup consortium: research and guidelines to improve lives for survivors of childhood cancer. Eur J Cancer. 2018;103:238–48.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Fidler MM, et al. Risk of subsequent primary bone cancers among 69,460 5-year survivors of childhood and adolescent cancer in Europe. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2017;110(2):183–94.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Bright CJ, et al. Risk of soft-tissue sarcoma among 69,460 5-year survivors of childhood cancer in Europe. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2017;110(6):649–60.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Lee JS, et al. Increased risk of second malignant neoplasms in adolescents and young adults with cancer. Cancer. 2016;122(1):116–23.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Bright CJ, et al. Risk of subsequent primary neoplasms in survivors of adolescent and young adult cancer (Teenage and Young Adult cancer Survivor Study): a population-based cohort study. Lancet Oncol. 2019;20:531. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(18)30903-3.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Inskip PD, et al. Radiation-related new primary solid cancers in the childhood cancer survivor study: comparative radiation dose response and modification of treatment effects. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2015;94(4):800–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Bowers DC, et al. Subsequent neoplasms of the CNS among survivors of childhood cancer: a systematic review. Lancet Oncol. 2013;14(8):e321–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Bowers DC, et al. Morbidity and mortality associated with meningioma after cranial radiotherapy: a report from the childhood cancer survivor study. J Clin Oncol. 2017;35(14):1570–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Goshen Y, et al. High incidence of meningioma in cranial irradiated survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Paediatr Blood Cancer. 2007;49(3):294–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Sugden E, et al. Meningioma occurring during long-term survival after treatment for childhood cancer. JRSM Open. 2014;5(4):2054270414524567.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Sabin ND, et al. Incidental detection of late subsequent intracranial neoplasms with magnetic resonance imaging among adult survivors of childhood cancer. J Cancer Surviv. 2014;8(3):329–35.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Kremer LCM, et al. A worldwide collaboration to harmonize guidelines for the long-term follow-up of childhood and young adult cancer survivors: a report from the International Late Effects of Childhood cancer Guideline Harmonization Group. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2013;60(4):543–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Teepen JC, et al. Risk of subsequent gastrointestinal cancer and childhood cancer survivors: a systematic review. Cancer Treat Rev. 2016;43:92–103.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Rigter LS, et al. High prevalence of advanced colorectal neoplasia and serrated polyposis syndrome in Hodgkin lymphomas survivors. Cancer. 2018;125:990. https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.31903.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Travis LB, et al. Aetiology, genetics and prevention of secondary neoplasms in adult cancer survivors. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2013;10(5):289–301.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Morton LM, et al. The rising incidence of second cancers: patterns of occurrence and identification of risk factors for children and adults. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book. 2014:e57–67. https://doi.org/10.14694/EdBook.AM.2014.34.e57.

  25. Turcotte ML, et al. Risk, risk factors and surveillance of subsequent malignant neoplasms in survivors of childhood cancer: a review. J Clin Oncol. 2018;36(21):2145–52.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Teepen JC, et al. Long-term risk of subsequent malignant neoplasms after treatment of childhood cancer in the DCOG LATER study cohort: role of chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol. 2017;35(20):2288–98.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Henderson TO, et al. Breast cancer risk in childhood cancer survivors without a history of chest radiotherapy: a report from the childhood cancer survivor study. J Clin Oncol. 2016;34(9):910–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Henderson TO, et al. Risk factors associated with secondary sarcomas in childhood cancer survivors: a report from the childhood cancer survivor study. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2012;84(1):224–30.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Bhatia S. Genetic variation as a modifier of association between therapeutic exposure and subsequent malignant neoplasms in cancer survivors. Cancer. 2015;121(5):648–63.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Knight JA, et al. Genome-wide association study to identify novel loci associated with therapy-related myeloid leukemia susceptibility. Blood. 2009;113(22):5575–82.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Best T, et al. Variants at 6q21 implicate PRDM1 in the etiology of therapy-induced second malignancies after Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Nat Med. 2011;17(8):941–3.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Morton LM, et al. Genome-wide association study to identify susceptibility loci that modify radiation-related risk for breast cancer after childhood cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2017;109(11) https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djx058.

  33. Morton LM, et al. Role of germline genetics in identifying survivors at risk for adverse effects of cancer treatment. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book. 2018;23(38):775–86.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Mulder RL, et al. Recommendations for breast cancer surveillance for female survivors of childhood, adolescent and young adult cancer given chest radiation: a report from the International Late Effects of Childhood cancer Guideline Harmonization Group. Lancet Oncol. 2013;14(13):e621–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Clement SC, et al. Balancing the benefits and harms of thyroid cancer surveillance in survivors of childhood adolescent and young adult cancer: recommendations from the international late effects of childhood cancer guideline harmonization group in collaboration with the PanCareSurFup consortium. Cancer Treat Rev. 2018;63:28–39.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre for Childhood Cancer Survivor Studies, Institute of Applied Health Research, Robert Aitken Institute for Clinical Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK

    Michael M. Hawkins, Clare Frobisher, Raoul C. Reulen & David L. Winter

Authors
  1. Michael M. Hawkins
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Clare Frobisher
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Raoul C. Reulen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. David L. Winter
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Michael M. Hawkins .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pediatrics, University Children’s Hospital, Erlangen, Germany

    Jörn D. Beck

  2. Department of Onkology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

    Carsten Bokemeyer

  3. Pediatric Oncology and Hematology – Long-Term Follow-Up after Childhood Cancer, University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Lübeck, Germany

    Thorsten Langer

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Hawkins, M.M., Frobisher, C., Reulen, R.C., Winter, D.L. (2021). Subsequent Primary Cancer After Childhood, Teenage and Young Adult Cancer. In: Beck, J.D., Bokemeyer, C., Langer, T. (eds) Late Treatment Effects and Cancer Survivor Care in the Young. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49140-6_14

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49140-6_14

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-49138-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-49140-6

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation