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Efficient Methods for the Improvement of Temperate Root Vegetables

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Accelerated Plant Breeding, Volume 2

Abstract

Root vegetables are mainstay of human diet. The important commercial crops grown under this group are carrot, radish, turnip, and beetroot. The less important root crops include parsnip, rutabaga, chervil, etc. All these crops are direct sown and thrive best in cool season. Most of these crops belong to different botanical families but require similar cultural practices. All these crops are grown almost round the year in different parts of the globe. Due to their short duration and high productivity, root crops fit well in sequential, inter-, and relay cropping, which enable maximum use of arable land. These are highly efficient in producing the highest amount of nutrients and health-promoting substances per unit area. From seed production point of view, temperate-type cultivars of these crops require vernalization/chilling at a particular stage for the transformation from vegetative to different reproductive stages, viz., initiation of seed stalks, flowering, and seed setting. These crops are also commonly known as temperate or European or biennial vegetables. The temperate root vegetables are occupying a significant position.

Presently, the breeding efforts in root crops are toward development of hybrids/varieties for consumer-oriented futuristic traits such as high yielding; uniformity in shape, size, and color; free from defects (splitting, cracking, forking, greening and fanging); resistant to various biotic and abiotic stresses; and rich in phytochemical, antioxidants, and dietary minerals. Hybrid breeding offers a chance of combining various horticultural traits and different sources of resistance. Recently, hybrid varieties have demonstrated good uniformity of roots, a quality accepted by most consumers. By contrast, only a few resistant varieties (mainly open-pollinated varieties) are offered by seed companies, most being resistant to some important diseases. Efforts in future breeding should concentrate on the improvement of health with a higher nutritional content need to be developed to ensure global access to a secure and balanced diet and the development of genotypes suitable for cultivation in suboptimal climates and regions, as well as productive cultivars and hybrids of root crops suitable for cultivation round the year.

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  1. Department of Vegetable Science, Dr YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, HP, India

    Ramesh Kumar Bhardwaj, Reena Kumari & Amit Vikram

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  1. Ramesh Kumar Bhardwaj
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  1. Former Director of Research, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India

    Satbir Singh Gosal

  2. Mountain Research Centre for Field Crops, SKUAST-Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India

    Shabir Hussain Wani

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Bhardwaj, R.K., Kumari, R., Vikram, A. (2020). Efficient Methods for the Improvement of Temperate Root Vegetables. In: Gosal, S., Wani, S. (eds) Accelerated Plant Breeding, Volume 2. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-47298-6_7

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