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Recent Trends in Sweet Pepper Breeding

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Accelerated Plant Breeding, Volume 2

Abstract

Sweet pepper is one of the most important members of a Solanaceae family. It is extensively cultivated throughout India especially in hills during summer months and as autumn crop in Karnataka, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Bihar, West Bengal and Madhya Pradesh. Germplasm collection, characterization and conservation are the major step in improvement of sweet pepper, which can be used in sweet pepper improvement programme. Sweet pepper fruits are generally blocky, square, thick-fleshed, three- to four-lobed and non-pungent. Perfect fruit shape, size and colour along with mild taste are the main quality parameters that make the task of developing new genotypes/variety/hybrids very sticking. It is a gifted crop plant, so its consumption is increasing all over the world. Continuously increasing demand sweet peppers, emphasis is being given to the development of hybrids worldwide. Many of the Capsicum varieties in the market are hybrids. Considerable amount of heterosis is reported in this crop for many horticultural and economical characters. Hybrid cultivars are very popular among the farmers due to their superior performance. Seed of hybrids is produced by the use of hand emasculation and pollination method that is why per kilogram cost of seed is very high ranging between Rs.1.0 Lac and 5.0 Lakh. The cost of seed can be reduced by using genetic mechanisms like male sterility. Both genic male sterility and cytoplasmic genic male sterility can be used in sweet pepper hybrid seed production. Chemical gametocides may compliment the use of male sterility in bell pepper for better hybridization. Micropropagation could be used for maintenance and multiplication of parental lines. Molecular genetics, tissue culture and genetic engineering are becoming increasingly important in solving major production issues. Sweet pepper is sensitive to biotic and abiotic stresses; therefore there is an immediate need to identify multiple disease-resistant varieties. The cultivation of bell pepper is only possible in few states as prone to abiotic stresses, so there is need to develop varieties for its cultivation in nontraditional areas. Several inter- and intraspecific genetic maps with wide distribution of markers covering the whole genome have been developed in Capsicum genus. Breeders’ access to the pepper genomic information would provide the choice of markers from different linkage groups, thus paving the way for gene cloning and its introgression into the elite breeding lines through MAS.

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  1. Division of Germplasm Evaluation, ICAR-NBPGR, New Delhi, India

    Vinod K. Sharma

  2. Division of Vegetable Science, ICAR-IARI, New Delhi, India

    Arpita Srivastava & Manisha Mangal

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    Satbir Singh Gosal

  2. Mountain Research Centre for Field Crops, SKUAST-Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India

    Shabir Hussain Wani

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Sharma, V.K., Srivastava, A., Mangal, M. (2020). Recent Trends in Sweet Pepper Breeding. In: Gosal, S., Wani, S. (eds) Accelerated Plant Breeding, Volume 2. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-47298-6_16

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