Abstract
Carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite is becoming popular in supply and demand trend among the industry players especially in aerospace industry. This material can be applied into various applications in the industries due to the features such as strength-to-weight ratio and rigidity, which is suitable for the aircraft with the highest weight ratio or low weight for high-performance automobile racing. This chapter covers comprehensively regarding CFRP and their machinability. The first section explains three major types of composite materials and its features including a brief highlight about the development of composite materials. Next section covers the fundamental of machining characteristics and the tool development, which is focusing on the machining of fibre reinforced polymer composites. Furthermore, this section focuses on drilling aspects because it is the most challenging machining process compared with sawing, planning, turning, milling and other conventional machining process. The third section highlights the development of drilled hole measurement techniques, which focusing on the prominent development of the delamination factor (Fd) ratio. The final part summarizes the outlook of exploiting this composite material in term of machining parameters. This chapter reviews the experimental progress in drilling of CFRP composites, which is intended to help readers to obtain the latest views in order to develop the appropriate machining parameters.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abrate S, Walton DA (1992) Machining of composite materials, Part II: Non-traditional methods. Compos Manuf 3(2):85–94
Askeland DR, Phulé PP (2006) The science and engineering of materials (International Student Edition). Thomson Publishing
Brouwer WDR (2019) Natural Fibre Composites in Structural Components: Alternative Applications for Sisal? http://www.fao.org/DOCREP/004/Y1873E/y1873e0a.htm (Accessed on 16th April 2019)
Caggiano A, Nele L, Teti R (2018). Drilling of Fiber-Reinforced Composite Materials for Aeronautical Assembly Processes, Characterizations of Some Composite Materials, Hosam El-Din M. Saleh and Martin Koller, IntechOpen, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.80466. Available from: https://www.intechopen.com/books/characterizations-of-some-composite-materials/drilling-of-fiber-reinforced-composite-materials-for-aeronautical-assembly-processes
Chen WC (1997) Some experimental investigation in the drilling of carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) composite laminates. Int J Mach Tools Manuf 37:1097–1108
Dandekar CR, Shin YC (2012) Modelling of machining of composite materials: a review. Int J Mach Tool Manu. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmachtools.2012.01.006
Davim JP, Reis P (2003) Drilling carbon fibre reinforced plastics manufactured by autoclave – experimental and statistical study. Materials & Design 24(2003):315–324
Davim JP, Rubio JC, Abrao AM (2007) A novel approach based on digital image analysis to evaluate the delamination factor after drilling composite laminates. Compos Sci Technol 67:1939–1945
Di Ilio AM, Tagliaferri V, Veniali, F (1991) Tool life and hole quality in drilling aramid and fibrous composites, in Composite Material Technoloav 1991. Proc of 14th Annual Energv Sources Technology Conf. ahd Exhibition, Houston, TX, Jan 2{123,1991, ASME Publ. PD-Vol 37, pp 203–207
Faraz A, Biermann D, Weinert K (2009) Cutting edge rounding: an innovative tool wear criterion in drilling CFRP composite laminates. Int J Mach Tool Manu 49:1185–1196
Franke V (2011) Drilling of long fiber reinforced thermoplastics-influence of the cutting edge on the machining results. CIRP Ann Manuf Technol 60:65–68
Garrick R (2007) Drilling Advanced Aircraft Structures with PCD (Poly-Crystalline Diamond) Drills, SAE Technical Paper 2007-01-3893, https://doi.org/10.4271/2007-013893
Gaitonde vVN, Karnik SR, Campos RJ, Esteves CA, Abrao AM, Davim JP (2008) Analysis of parametric influence on delamination in high-speed drilling of carbon fiber reinforced plastic composites. J Mater Process Tech 203:431–438
Gindy NNZ (1988) Selection of drilling conditions for glass fibre reinforced plastics. Int J Research 25(8):1317–1327
Hernandez-Castaneda JC, Sezer HK, Li L (2011) The effect of moisture content in fibre laser cutting of pine wood. Opt Lasers Eng 49:1139–1152
Hickey J (1987) Drilling graphite composites. Modern Machine Shop 59:84–90
Hintze W, Hartmann D, Schutte C (2011) Occurence and propagation of delamination during the machining of carbon fibre reinforced plastics (CFRPs)-an experimental study. Compos Sci Tecnol 71:1719–1726
Hocheng H, Dahran CKH (1990) Delamination during drilling in composite laminates. J Eng of Indusry 112:236–239
Hocheng H, Tsao CC (2006) Effect of special drill bits on drilling-induced delamination of composite materials. J Mach Tools Manu 46:1403–1416
Iliescu D, Gehin D, Gutierrez ME, Girot F (2010) Modelling and tool wear in drilling CFRP. Int J Mach Tool Manu 50:204–213
Jain S, Yang DCH (1994) Delamination-free drilling of composite laminates. ASME J Eng Indust 116:475–481
Kalpakjian S, Schmid SR (1999) Manufacturing engineering and technology (international edition). Pearson Publishing, Fourth Edition
Kalpakjian S, Schmid SR (2016) Chapter 9 Composite materials: structure, general properties and applications https://www3.nd.edu/~manufact/MET_pdf_files/MET_Ch9.pdf (Accessed on 26th November 2016)
Kim GW, Lee KY (2005) Critical thrust at propagation of delamination zone due to drilling of FRP/metallic strips. Compos Struct 69:137–141
Komanduri R (1997) Machining fiber-reinforced composites. Mech Eng. (ISSN 0025–6501) 115(4):58–64
Konig W, Grass P, Heintze A, Okcy F, Schmitz-Justin C (1984) Developments in drilling & contouring composites containing Kevlar. Prod Eng 63(8):56–61
Konig W, Wulf Ch, Grass P, Willerscheid H (1985) Machining of fiber reinforced plastics. Ann CIRP 34(2):537–548
Konig W, GraS P (1989) Quality definition and assessment in drilling of fibre reinforced thermosets. Annals of the CIRP 38(1):119–124
Koplev A, Lystrup A, Vorm T (1983) The cutting process, chips, and cutting forces in machining CFRP. Composites 14(4):371–376
Lambert BK (1987) Cutting and drilling of composite materials. Carbide and Tool J 19(5):31–34
Lau WS, Yue TM, Lee TC, Lee WB (1995) Un-conventional machining of composite materials. J Mater Process Technol 48:199–205
Liu DF, Tang YJ, Gong WL (2012) A review of mechanical drilling for composite materials. Compos Struct 94:1265–1279
Mackey BA (1980) How to drill precision holes in reinforced plastics in a hurry. Plast Eng:22–24
Mangalgiri PD (1999) Composite materials for aerospace applications. Bull Mater Sci 22(3):657–664
Matthews FL, Rawlings RD (1999) Composite materials: engineering and science, vol 2000. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 1351–1366
Mishra R, Malik J, Singh I, Davim JP (2010) Neural network approach for estimate the residual tensile strength after drilling in uni-directional glass fiber reinforced plastic laminates. Mater Des 31:2790–2795
Pecat O, Rentsch R, Brinksmeier E (2012) Influence of milling process parameters on the surface integrity of CFRP. Procedia CIRP 2012(1):466–470
Radkakrishnan T, Wu SM (1981) On-line hole quality evaluation for drilling composite materials using dynamic data. Z Eng for Industry 103:119–125
Ramulu M, Branson T, Kim D (2001) A study on the drilling of composite and titanium stacks. Compos Struct 54:67–77
Reza N (2010) Laser cutting of carbon fibre-reinforced polymer composite materials. PhD thesis, the University of Manchester
Sadat AB (1990) Machining of composites. Encyclopedia of Composites 3(1990):95–102
Sakuma K, Yokoo Y, Seto M (1984) Study on drilling of reinforced plastics (GFRP and CFRP). Bulletin of JSME 27(228):1237–1244
Sardiñas RQ, Reis P, Davim JP (2006) Multi-objective optimization of cutting parameters for drilling laminate composite materials by using genetic algorithms. Compos Sci Technol 66(15). 1 December 2006:3083–3088
Shanmugam DK, Chen FL, Siores E, Brandt M (2002) Comparative study of jetting machining technologies over laser machining technology for cutting composite materials. Compos Struct 57(1–4):289–296
Santhanakrishnan G, Krishnamurthy R, Malhotra SK (1988) Machinability characteristics of fibre reinforced plastics composites. J Mech Work Technol 17:195–204
Schrader GF, Elshennawy AK (2000) Manufacturing processes & materials, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), 4th Edition
Sedlacek J, Slany M (2010) Analysis of delamination in drilling of composite materials. MM Sci J
Sheikh-Ahmad JY (2009) Machining of polymer composites. Springer, New York
Shyha IS, Aspinwall DK, Loo SL, Bradley S (2009) Drill geometry and operating effects when cutting small diameter holes in CFRP. Int J Mach Tool Manu 49:1008–1014
Shyha IS, Soo SL, Aspinwall DK, Bradley S (2010) Effect of laminate configuration and feed rate on cutting performance when drilling holes in carbon fibre reinforced plastic composites. J Mater Process Technol 210(8):1023–1034
Sobri SA, Heinemann R, Whitehead D, Shuaib N (2018) Drilling strategy for thick carbon Fiber reinforced polymer composites (CFRP): a preliminary assessment. J Eng Tech Sci 50(1):21–39. https://doi.org/10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2018.50.1.2
Stone R, Krishnamurthy KA (1996) Neural network thrust force controller to minimize delamination during drilling of graphite-epoxy laminates. Int J Mach Tools Manuf 36:985–1003
Teti R (2002) Machining of composite materials. CIRP Ann-Manuf Techn 51(2):611–634
Wong TL, Wu SM, Croy GM (1982) An analysis of delamination in drilling composite materials. In: Proc 14th SAMPE tech Conf, pp 471–483
Zhang H, Chen W, Chen D, Zhang L (2001) Assessment of the exit defects in carbon fibre-reinforced plastic plates caused by drilling. Key Eng Mater 196:43–52. ISSN 1013-9826
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Sobri, S.A., Heinemann, R., Whitehead, D. (2020). Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) Composites: Machining Aspects and Opportunities for Manufacturing Industries. In: Siddiquee, S., Gan Jet Hong, M., Mizanur Rahman, M. (eds) Composite Materials: Applications in Engineering, Biomedicine and Food Science. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45489-0_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45489-0_2
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-45488-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-45489-0
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)