Abstract
Translational criminology—the practice and process of bringing research evidence into strategies and decision-making in the criminal justice field—is growing in importance. However, there remain significant barriers to the development and sustainability of evidence-based policy and practice. In the United States, federal funding initiatives like the Bureau of Justice Assistance’s Byrne Criminal Justice Innovation (BCJI) program have provided the impetus to further translational criminology efforts by promoting sustainable, data-driven partnerships between researchers, police and local government agencies, community organizations, and residents. In this chapter, we describe the factors needed to develop a successful partnership through a case study of the Seattle, WA BCJI program, Rainier Beach: A Beautiful Safe Place for Youth (ABSPY). We begin with a discussion of the literature on translational criminology, including barriers to and facilitators of successful translation. We then describe the history, characteristics, and key stakeholders of ABSPY and how we built an approach that reflects best practices in researcher-practitioner partnerships. We conclude with lessons learned and recommendations for sustaining similar efforts in collaborations between communities, local governments, and academics.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
https://www.bja.gov/ProgramDetails.aspx?Program_ID=70#horizontalTab1 (accessed May 27, 2020). Formerly called the Byrne Criminal Justice Innovation program. The authors of this chapter are, respectively, the research partner and City of Seattle Office of City Auditor’s research liaison for the Seattle BCJI program and members of the ABSPY Core Team.
- 2.
http://www.rb-safeplaceforyouth.com (accessed May 27, 2020).
- 3.
Davies et al. (2008) argue that the term “knowledge translation” suffers from the same problems, but we continue to use the term “translational criminology” in this chapter as it is well-recognized in the field.
- 4.
https://whatworks.college.police.uk/toolkit/Pages/Welcome.aspx (accessed May 27, 2020).
- 5.
https://cebcp.org/evidence-based-policing/the-matrix/ (accessed May 27, 2020).
- 6.
https://www.campbellcollaboration.org (accessed May 27, 2020).
- 7.
https://www.blueprintsprograms.org (accessed May 27, 2020).
- 8.
https://cebcp.org/evidence-based-policing/the-matrix/matrix-demonstration-project/ (accessed May 27, 2020).
- 9.
https://www.policefoundation.org (accessed May 27, 2020).
- 10.
https://www.policeforum.org (accessed May 27, 2020).
- 11.
https://www.theiacp.org (accessed May 27, 2020).
- 12.
https://www.bja.gov/programs/crppe/innovationssuite.html (accessed May 27, 2020).
- 13.
https://cj.msu.edu/community/smart-suite.html (accessed May 27, 2020).
- 14.
https://www.bja.gov/ProgramDetails.aspx?Program_ID=70 (accessed May 27, 2020).
- 15.
https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/administration/eop/oua/initiatives/neighborhood-revitalization (accessed May 27, 2020).
- 16.
The development, design, and goals of ABSPY are described in more detail in Gill et al. (2016).
- 17.
https://www.samhsa.gov/sites/default/files/20190620-samhsa-strategic-prevention-framework-guide.pdf (accessed May 27, 2020).
- 18.
https://www.cadca.org (accessed May 27, 2020).
- 19.
The early history of Seattle’s partnership with the Center for Evidence-Based Crime Policy is documented in Gross Shader (2011).
- 20.
See http://www.seattle.gov/Documents/Departments/CityAuditor/auditreports/SYVPI%20Summary%20MemoFinalReport100915.pdf (accessed May 27, 2020).
- 21.
https://www.pbis.org (accessed May 27, 2020).
- 22.
https://www.sustaintool.org (accessed May 27, 2020).
References
Alpert, G. P., Rojek, J., & Hansen, J. A. (2013). Building bridges between police researchers and practitioners: Agents of change in a complex world. Columbia: Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice, University of South Carolina. Retrieved on May 27, 2020 from https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/244345.pdf.
Andresen, M. A., Linning, S. J., & Malleson, N. (2017). Crime at places and spatial concentrations: Exploring the spatial stability of property crime in Vancouver BC, 2003–2013. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 33(2), 255–275. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10940-016-9295-8.
Beal, P., & Kerlikowske, R. G. (2010). Action research in Buffalo and Seattle. Police Practice and Research, 11(2), 117–121. https://doi.org/10.1080/15614261003590852.
Berk, R. A. (2005). Randomized experiments as the bronze standard. Journal of Experimental Criminology, 1(4), 417–433. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11292-005-3538-2.
Bernasco, W., & Steenbeek, W. (2017). More places than crimes: Implications for evaluating the law of crime concentration at place. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 33(3), 451–467. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10940-016-9324-7.
Boba, R. (2010). A practice-based evidence approach in Florida. Police Practice and Research, 11(2), 122–128. https://doi.org/10.1080/15614261003593021.
Boba, R., Weisburd, D., & Meeker, J. W. (2009). The limits of regional data sharing and regional problem solving: Observations from the East Valley, CA COMPASS initiative. Police Quarterly, 12(1), 22–41. https://doi.org/10.1177/1098611107309279.
Bradley, D., & Nixon, C. (2009). Ending the ‘dialogue of the deaf’: Evidence and policing policies and practices. An Australian case study. Police Practice and Research, 10(5–6), 423–435. https://doi.org/10.1080/15614260903378384.
Braga, A. A. (2013). Embedded criminologists in police departments (Ideas in American Policing No. 17). Washington, DC: Police Foundation. Retrieved on May 27, 2020 from https://www.policefoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/Ideas-17-final.pdf.
Braga, A. A., & Bond, B. J. (2008). Policing crime and disorder hot spots: A randomized controlled trial. Criminology, 46(3), 577–607. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9125.2008.00124.x.
Braga, A. A., & Davis, E. F. (2014). Implementing science in police agencies: The embedded research model. Policing: A Journal of Policy and Practice, 8(4), 294–306. https://doi.org/10.1093/police/pau039.
Braga, A. A., Weisburd, D. L., Waring, E. J., Mazerolle, L. G., Spelman, W., & Gajewski, F. (1999). Problem-oriented policing in violent crime places: A randomized controlled experiment. Criminology, 37(3), 541–580. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9125.1999.tb00496.x.
Braga, A. A., Papachristos, A. V., & Hureau, D. M. (2014). The effects of hot spots policing on crime: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Justice Quarterly, 31(4), 633–663. https://doi.org/10.1080/07418825.2012.673632.
Braithwaite, J. (1989). Crime, shame and reintegration. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Brantingham, P., & Brantingham, P. (1995). Criminality of place: Crime generators and crime attractors. European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research, 3(3), 5–26. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02242925.
Bratton, W. J. (2006). Research: A practitioner’s perspective, from the streets. Western Criminology Review, 7(3), 1–6.
Cullen, F. T., & Gendreau, P. (2001). From nothing works to what works: Changing professional ideology in the 21st century. The Prison Journal, 81(3), 313–338. https://doi.org/10.1177/0032885501081003002.
Curman, A. S. N., Andresen, M. A., & Brantingham, P. J. (2015). Crime and place: A longitudinal examination of street segment patterns in Vancouver, BC. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 31(1), 127–147. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10940-014-9228-3.
Davies, H., Nutley, S., & Walter, I. (2008). Why ‘knowledge transfer’ is misconceived for applied social research. Journal of Health Services Research & Policy, 13(3), 188–190. https://doi.org/10.1258/jhsrp.2008.008055.
Doyle, J., Waters, E., Noonan, E., Royle, N., Kowalski, K., Gill, C., & Wilson, D. B. (2010). Working with the Campbell Collaboration to produce reviews of relevance to public health across the education, justice and social welfare sectors. Journal of Public Health, 32(1), 138–140. https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdp130.
Dunworth, T., Mills, G., Cordner, G., & Greene, J. (1999). National evaluation of weed & seed: Cross-site analysis (No. NCJ 176358). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, National Institute of Justice. Retrieved on May 27, 2020 from https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/176358.pdf.
Engel, R. S., & Whalen, J. L. (2010). Police-academic partnerships: Ending the dialogue of the deaf, the Cincinnati experience. Police Practice and Research, 11(2), 105–116. https://doi.org/10.1080/15614261003590803.
Farrington, D. P., & Welsh, B. C. (2005). Randomized experiments in criminology: What have we learned in the last two decades? Journal of Experimental Criminology, 1(1), 9–38. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11292-004-6460-0.
Farrington, D. P., Weisburd, D. L., & Gill, C. E. (2011). The Campbell collaboration crime and justice group: A decade of progress. In C. J. Smith, S. X. Zhang, & R. Barberet (Eds.), Routledge handbook of international criminology (pp. 53–63). Oxford: Routledge.
Favarin, S. (2018). This must be the place (to commit a crime). Testing the law of crime concentration in Milan, Italy. European Journal of Criminology, 15(6), 702–729. https://doi.org/10.1177/1477370818757700.
Felson, M. (2006). Crime and nature. Thousand Oaks: Sage.
Felson, M., & Boba, R. (2010). Crime and everyday life (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks: Sage.
Fixsen, D. L., Naoom, S. F., Blase, K. A., Friedman, R. M., & Wallace, F. (2005). Implementation research: A synthesis of the literature. Tampa: National Implementation Research Network, University of South Florida. Retrieved on May 27, 2020 from https://nirn.fpg.unc.edu/resources/implementation-research-synthesis-literature.
Fyfe, N. R., & Wilson, P. (2012). Knowledge exchange and police practice: Broadening and deepening the debate around researcher–practitioner collaborations. Police Practice and Research, 13(4), 306–314. https://doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2012.671596.
Gill, C. (2016). Community interventions. In D. Weisburd, D. P. Farrington, & C. Gill (Eds.), What works in crime prevention and rehabilitation: Lessons from systematic reviews (pp. 77–109). New York: Springer.
Gill, C., Vitter, Z., & Weisburd, D. (2015). Identifying hot spots of juvenile offending: A guide for crime analysts. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Community Oriented Policing Services. Retrieved on May 27, 2020 from https://cops.usdoj.gov/RIC/ric.php?page=detail&id=COPS-P298.
Gill, C., Vitter, Z., & Weisburd, D. (2016). Rainier Beach: A Beautiful Safe Place for Youth. Final evaluation report. Fairfax: Center for Evidence-Based Crime Policy, Department of Criminology, Law & Society, George Mason University. Retrieved on May 27, 2020 from http://www.rb-safeplaceforyouth.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/2016-GMU-ABSPY-evaluation-report.pdf.
Gill, C., Wooditch, A., & Weisburd, D. (2017). Testing the “law of crime concentration at place” in a suburban setting: Implications for research and practice. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 33(3), 519–545. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10940-016-9304-y.
Gill, C., Jensen, R., & Prince, H. (2018a). Rainier Beach: A Beautiful Safe Place for Youth. 2018 evaluation update. Fairfax: Center for Evidence-Based Crime Policy, Department of Criminology, Law & Society, George Mason University. Retrieved on from https://drive.google.com/file/d/1pJKe1jZXdbnKKWNi2jJfOy8mgYPU1ECs/view.
Gill, C., Weisburd, D., Vitter, Z., Gross Shader, C., Nelson-Zagar, T., & Spain, L. (2018b). Collaborative problem-solving at youth crime hot spots: A pilot study. Policing: An International Journal, 41(3), 325–338. https://doi.org/10.1108/PIJPSM-12-2017-0152.
Goldstein, H. (1990). Problem-oriented policing. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Gottfredson, D. C., Gottfredson, G. D., & Weisman, S. A. (2001). The timing of delinquent behavior and its implications for after-school programs. Criminology & Public Policy, 1(1), 61–86. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9133.2001.tb00077.x.
Gottfredson, D. C., Cook, T. D., Gardner, F. E. M., Gorman-Smith, D., Howe, G. W., Sandler, I. N., & Zafft, K. M. (2015). Standards of evidence for efficacy, effectiveness, and scale-up research in prevention science: Next generation. Prevention Science, 16(7), 893–926. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-015-0555-x.
Greenwood, P. (2008). Prevention and intervention programs for juvenile offenders. The Future of Children, 18(2), 185–206. https://doi.org/10.1353/foc.0.0018.
Groff, E. R., Weisburd, D., & Yang, S.-M. (2010). Is it important to examine crime trends at a local “micro” level?: A longitudinal analysis of street to street variability in crime trajectories. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 26(1), 7–32. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10940-009-9081-y.
Groff, E. R., Ratcliffe, J. H., Haberman, C. P., Sorg, E. T., Joyce, N. M., & Taylor, R. B. (2015). Does what police do at hot spots matter? The Philadelphia policing tactics experiment. Criminology, 53(1), 23–53. https://doi.org/10.1111/1745-9125.12055.
Gross Shader, C. (2011). Addressing crime and disorder in Seattle’s “hot spots”: What works? Seattle: City of Seattle, Office of City Auditor. Retrieved on May 27, 2020 from http://clerk.seattle.gov/~public/meetingrecords/2011/pse20110331_2b.pdf.
Gross-Shader, C. (2011). Partnerships in evidence-based policing: The City of Seattle and CEBCP join forces to reduce crime and disorder at juvenile crime hot spots. Translational Criminology, 1, 8–9. Retrieved on May 27, 2020 from https://cebcp.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/TC1-Summer2011.pdf.
Gross Shader, C., & Gill, C. (2013). Beyond the police: Building “translation communities” for evidence-based policing in Seattle. Translational Criminology, 4, 17–19. Retrieved on May 27, 2020 from https://cebcp.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/TC4-Spring2013.pdf.
Grunwald, B., & Papachristos, A. V. (2017). Project Safe Neighborhoods in Chicago: Looking back a decade later. Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 107(1), 131–160.
Hawkins, J. D., Catalano, R. F., & Arthur, M. W. (2002). Promoting science-based prevention in communities. Addictive Behaviors, 27(6), 951–976. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0306-4603(02)00298-8.
Hibdon, J., Telep, C. W., & Groff, E. R. (2017). The concentration and stability of drug activity in Seattle, Washington using police and emergency medical services data. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 33(3), 497–517. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10940-016-9302-0.
Huey, L., & Mitchell, R. J. (2016). Unearthing hidden keys: Why pracademics are an invaluable (if underutilized) resource in policing research. Policing: A Journal of Policy and Practice, 10(3), 300–307. https://doi.org/10.1093/police/paw029.
Kelling, G. L., Pate, A. M., Dieckman, D., & Brown, C. E. (1974). The Kansas City preventive patrol experiment: A summary report. Washington, DC: Police Foundation. Retrieved on May 27, 2020 from https://www.policefoundation.org/projects/the-kansas-city-preventive-patrol-experiment/.
Kidd, S. A., & Kral, M. J. (2005). Practicing participatory action research. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 52(2), 187–195. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.52.2.187.
Laub, J. H. (2011). Strengthening NIJ: Mission, science and process. NIJ Journal, 268, 16–21. Retrieved on May 27, 2020 from https://nij.ojp.gov/topics/articles/strengthening-nij-mission-science-and-process.
Le, V. (2015, May 26). Weaponized data: How the obsession with data has been hurting marginalized communities. Retrieved on May 27, 2020 from https://nonprofitaf.com/2015/05/weaponized-data-how-the-obsession-with-data-has-been-hurting-marginalized-communities/.
Lee, Y., Eck, J. E., SooHyun, O., & Martinez, N. N. (2017). How concentrated is crime at places? A systematic review from 1970 to 2015. Crime Science, 6(6), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40163-017-0069-x.
Levin, A., Rosenfeld, R., & Deckard, M. (2017). The law of crime concentration: An application and recommendations for future research. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 33(3), 635–647. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10940-016-9332-7.
Lipsey, M. W. (2009). The primary factors that characterize effective interventions with juvenile offenders: A meta-analytic overview. Victims & Offenders, 4(2), 124–147. https://doi.org/10.1080/15564880802612573.
Lipsey, M. W., & Cullen, F. T. (2007). The effectiveness of correctional rehabilitation: A review of systematic reviews. Annual Review of Law and Social Science, 3(1), 297–320. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.lawsocsci.3.081806.112833.
Lowenkamp, C. T., & Latessa, E. J. (2004). Understanding the risk principle: How and why correctional interventions can harm low-risk offenders. Topics in Community Corrections. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, National Institute of Corrections. Retrieved on May 27, 2020 from https://www.uc.edu/content/dam/uc/ccjr/docs/articles/ticc04_final_complete.pdf.
Lum, C. (2009). Translating police research into practice (Ideas in American Policing No. 11). Washington, DC: Police Foundation. Retrieved on May 27, 2020 from https://www.policefoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/Ideas_Lum_0.pdf.
Lum, C., Koper, C. S., & Telep, C. W. (2011). The evidence-based policing matrix. Journal of Experimental Criminology, 7(1), 3–26. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11292-010-9108-2.
Lum, C., Telep, C. W., Koper, C. S., & Grieco, J. (2012). Receptivity to research in policing. Justice Research and Policy, 14(1), 61–95. https://doi.org/10.3818/JRP.14.1.2012.61.
Lundman, R. J. (1993). Prevention and control of juvenile delinquency (2nd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.
MacKenzie, D. L. (2000). Evidence-based corrections: Identifying what works. Crime & Delinquency, 46(4), 457–471. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011128700046004003.
Martinson, R. (1974). What works?–Questions and answers about prison reform. The Public Interest, 35, 22–54.
Maruna, S. (2010). Mixed method research in criminology: Why not go both ways? In A. R. Piquero & D. Weisburd (Eds.), Handbook of quantitative criminology (pp. 123–140). New York: Springer.
Mayhew, P. (2016). In defence of administrative criminology. Crime Science, 5(7), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40163-016-0055-8.
McEwen, T. (2003). Evaluation of the locally initiated research partnership program (No. NCJ 204002). Alexandria: Institute of Law and Justice. Retrieved on May 27, 2020 from https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/204022.pdf.
McGarrell, E. F., Hipple, N. K., Corsaro, N., Bynum, T. S., Perez, H., Zimmermann, C. A., & Garmo, M. (2009). Project safe neighborhoods—A national program to reduce gun crime: Final project report. East Lansing: School of Criminal Justice, Michigan State University. Retrieved on May 27, 2020 from https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/226686.pdf.
McTaggart, R. (1991). Principles for participatory action research. Adult Education Quarterly, 41(3), 168–187. https://doi.org/10.1177/0001848191041003003.
Mitchell, R. J., & Lewis, S. (2017). Intention is not method, belief is not evidence, rank is not proof: Ethical policing needs evidence-based decision making. International Journal of Emergency Services, 6(3), 188–199. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJES-04-2017-0018.
Nagin, D. S., & Tremblay, R. E. (2001). Analyzing developmental trajectories of distinct but related behaviors: A group-based method. Psychological Methods, 6(1), 18–34. https://doi.org/10.1037/1082-989X.6.1.18.
Nazaire, D. W. (2018). Cultivating community engagement in youth violence prevention: A community-led, place-based, data-driven, non-arrest approach. Doctoral dissertation, Fairfax, VA, George Mason University.
Neyroud, P. W. (2017). Learning to field test in policing: Using an analysis of completed randomised controlled trials involving the police to develop a grounded theory on the factors contributing to high levels of treatment integrity in police field experiments. Doctoral dissertation, Cambridge, UK, University of Cambridge. Retrieved from https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/268177.
Nutley, S. M., & Davies, H. T. O. (1999). The fall and rise of evidence in criminal justice. Public Money and Management, 19(1), 47–54. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9302.00152.
Osgood, D. W., & Anderson, A. L. (2004). Unstructured socializing and rates of delinquency. Criminology, 42(3), 519–550. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9125.2004.tb00528.x.
Osgood, D. W., Wilson, J. K., O’Malley, P. M., Bachman, J. G., & Johnston, L. D. (1996). Routine activities and individual deviant behavior. American Sociological Review, 61(4), 635–655. https://doi.org/10.2307/2096397.
Palmer, T. (1975). Martinson revisited. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 12(2), 133–152. https://doi.org/10.1177/002242787501200206.
Pawson, R., & Tilley, N. (1997). Realistic evaluation. London: Sage.
Pesta, G. B., Blomberg, T. G., Ramos, J., & Ranson, J. W. A. (2019). Translational criminology: Toward best practice. American Journal of Criminal Justice, 44(3), 499–518. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12103-018-9467-1.
Petersilia, J. (2008). Influencing public policy: An embedded criminologist reflects on California prison reform. Journal of Experimental Criminology, 4(4), 335–356. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11292-008-9060-6.
Petrosino, A., Turpin-Petrosino, C., & Guckenburg, S. (2010). Formal system processing of juveniles: Effects on delinquency. A systematic review. Campbell Systematic Reviews, 6(1), 1–88. https://doi.org/10.4073/csr.2010.1.
Police Foundation. (1981). The Newark foot patrol experiment. Washington, DC: Police Foundation. Retrieved on May 27, 2020 from https://www.policefoundation.org/publication/the-newark-foot-patrol-experiment/.
Prewitt, K., Schwandt, T. A., & Straf, M. L. (Eds.). (2012). Using science as evidence in public policy. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.
Ratcliffe, J. H., Taniguchi, T., Groff, E. R., & Wood, J. D. (2011). The Philadelphia Foot Patrol Experiment: A randomized controlled trial of police patrol effectiveness in violent crime hotspots. Criminology, 49(3), 795–831. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9125.2011.00240.x.
Roehl, J., Rosenbaum, D. P., Costello, S. K., Coldren, J. R., Jr., Schuck, A. M., Kunard, L., & Forde, D. R. (2005). Strategic Approaches to Community Safety Initiative (SACSI) in 10 U.S. Cities: The building blocks for Project Safe Neighborhoods (No. NCJ 212866). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, National Institute of Justice. Retrieved on May 27, 2020 from https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/212866.pdf.
Rojek, J., Martin, P., & Alpert, G. P. (2015). Developing and maintaining police-researcher partnerships to facilitate research use. New York: Springer.
Roman, C. G. (2002). Schools as generators of crime: Routine activities and the sociology of place. Doctoral dissertation, Washington, DC, American University. Retrieved from https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/201946.pdf.
Roman, C. G. (2005). Routine activities of youth and neighborhood violence: Spatial modeling of place, time, and crime. In F. Wang (Ed.), Geographic information systems and crime analysis (pp. 293–310). Hershey: Idea Group.
Rosenbaum, D. P. (2010). Police research: Merging the policy and action research traditions. Police Practice and Research, 11(2), 144–149. https://doi.org/10.1080/15614261003593203.
Rosenbaum, D. P., & Roehl, J. (2010). Building successful anti-violence partnerships: Lessons from the Strategic Approaches to Community Safety Initiative (SACSI) model. In J. Klofas, N. K. Hipple, & E. McGarrell (Eds.), New criminal justice: American communities and the changing world of crime control (pp. 39–50). New York: Routledge.
Sampson, R. J. (2010). Gold standard myths: Observations on the experimental turn in quantitative criminology. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 26(4), 489–500. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10940-010-9117-3.
Sampson, R. J., Raudenbush, S. W., & Earls, F. (1997). Neighborhoods and violent crime: A multilevel study of collective efficacy. Science, 277(5328), 918–924. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.277.5328.918.
Shelden, R. G. (1999). Detention diversion advocacy: An evaluation. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. Retrieved on May 27, 2020 from http://www.cjcj.org/uploads/cjcj/documents/ojjdp_ddap.pdf.
Shepherd, J. P. (2003). Explaining feast or famine in randomized field trials: Medical science and criminology compared. Evaluation Review, 27(3), 290–315. https://doi.org/10.1177/0193841X03027003005.
Sherman, L. W. (1998). Evidence-based policing. Ideas in American Policing. Washington, DC: Police Foundation. Retrieved on May 27, 2020 from https://www.policefoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/Sherman-1998-Evidence-Based-Policing.pdf.
Sherman, L. W. (2004). Research and policing: The infrastructure and political economy of federal funding. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 593(1), 156–178. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716204263969s.
Sherman, L. W., & Weisburd, D. (1995). General deterrent effects of police patrol in crime “hot spots”: A randomized, controlled trial. Justice Quarterly, 12(4), 625–648. https://doi.org/10.1080/07418829500096221.
Sherman, L. W., Farrington, D. P., Welsh, B. C., & MacKenzie, D. L. (Eds.). (2006). Evidence-based crime prevention (2nd ed.). New York: Routledge.
Skogan, W. G., & Frydl, K. (Eds.). (2004). Fairness and effectiveness in policing: The evidence. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.
Telep, C. W., & Gross Shader, C. (2019). Creating a ‘what works’ translation tool for police: A researcher-city government partnership. Police Practice and Research, 20(6), 603–616. https://doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2019.1657630.
Telep, C. W., & Lum, C. (2014). The receptivity of officers to empirical research and evidence-based policing: An examination of survey data from three agencies. Police Quarterly, 17(4), 359–385. https://doi.org/10.1177/1098611114548099.
Telep, C. W., & Winegar, S. (2016). Police executive receptivity to research: A survey of chiefs and sheriffs in Oregon. Policing: A Journal of Policy and Practice, 10(3), 241–249. https://doi.org/10.1093/police/pav043.
Telep, C. W., Mitchell, R. J., & Weisburd, D. (2014). How much time should the police spend at crime hot spots? Answers from a police agency directed randomized field trial in Sacramento, California. Justice Quarterly, 31(5), 905–933. https://doi.org/10.1080/07418825.2012.710645.
Uggen, C., & Inderbitzin, M. (2010). Public criminologies. Criminology & Public Policy, 9(4), 725–749. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9133.2010.00666.x.
Weisburd, D. (2015). The law of crime concentration and the criminology of place. Criminology, 53(2), 133–157. https://doi.org/10.1111/1745-9125.12070.
Weisburd, D., & Amram, S. (2014). The law of concentrations of crime at place: The case of Tel Aviv-Jaffa. Police Practice and Research, 15(2), 101–114. https://doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2013.874169.
Weisburd, D., & Eck, J. E. (2004). What can police do to reduce crime, disorder, and fear? The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 593(1), 42–65. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716203262548.
Weisburd, D., & Green, L. (1995). Policing drug hot spots: The Jersey City drug market analysis experiment. Justice Quarterly, 12(4), 711–735. https://doi.org/10.1080/07418829500096261.
Weisburd, D., & Neyroud, P. (2011). Police science: Toward a new paradigm. New perspectives in policing. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, National Institute of Justice. Retrieved on May 27, 2020 from https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/228922.pdf.
Weisburd, D., & Telep, C. W. (2010). The efficiency of place-based policing. Cahiers Politiestudies, 4(17), 247–262.
Weisburd, D., Lum, C. M., & Petrosino, A. (2001). Does research design affect study outcomes in criminal justice? The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 578(1), 50–70. https://doi.org/10.1177/000271620157800104.
Weisburd, D., Bushway, S., Lum, C., & Yang, S.-M. (2004). Trajectories of crime at places: A longitudinal study of street segments in the city of Seattle. Criminology, 42(2), 283–322. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9125.2004.tb00521.x.
Weisburd, D., Morris, N. A., & Groff, E. R. (2009). Hot spots of juvenile crime: A longitudinal study of arrest incidents at street segments in Seattle, Washington. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 25(4), 443–467. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10940-009-9075-9.
Weisburd, D., Telep, C. W., Hinkle, J. C., & Eck, J. E. (2010). Is problem-oriented policing effective in reducing crime and disorder? Criminology & Public Policy, 9(1), 139–172. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9133.2010.00617.x.
Weisburd, D., Groff, E. R., & Yang, S.-M. (2012). The criminology of place: Street segments and our understanding of the crime problem. New York: Oxford University Press.
Weisburd, D., Farrington, D. P., & Gill, C. (Eds.). (2016). What works in crime prevention and rehabilitation: Lessons from systematic reviews (p. 331). New York: Springer.
Weisburd, D., Farrington, D. P., Gill, C., Ajzenstadt, M., Bennett, T., Bowers, K., Caudy, M. S., Holloway, K., Johnson, S., Lösel, F., Mallender, J., Perry, A., Tang, L. L., Taxman, F., Telep, C., Tierney, R., Ttofi, M. M., Watson, C., Wilson, D. B., & Wooditch, A. (2017). What works in crime prevention and rehabilitation: An assessment of systematic reviews. Criminology & Public Policy, 16(2), 415–449. https://doi.org/10.1111/1745-9133.12298.
Welsh, B. C., Peel, M. E., Farrington, D. P., Elffers, H., & Braga, A. A. (2011). Research design influence on study outcomes in crime and justice: A partial replication with public area surveillance. Journal of Experimental Criminology, 7(2), 183–198. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11292-010-9117-1.
Wheeler, A. P., Worden, R. E., & McLean, S. J. (2016). Replicating group-based trajectory models of crime at micro-places in Albany, NY. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 32(4), 589–612. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10940-015-9268-3.
Whyte, W. F. (1989). Advancing scientific knowledge through participatory action research. Sociological Forum, 4(3), 367–385. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01115015.
Willis, J. J. (2016). The romance of police pracademics. Policing: A Journal of Policy and Practice, 10(3), 315–321. https://doi.org/10.1093/police/paw030.
Yang, E., Foster-Fishman, P., Collins, C., & Ahn, S. (2012). Testing a comprehensive community problem-solving framework for community coalitions. Journal of Community Psychology, 40(6), 681–698. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.20526.
Acknowledgments
This research was funded by the Bureau of Justice Assistance, Grant # 2012-AJ-BX-0006 and City of Seattle Human Services Department contracts DC-16 - DC-20. The opinions, findings, and conclusions expressed in this chapter are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the funders.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Gill, C., Gross Shader, C. (2020). Building a “Beautiful Safe Place for Youth”: The Story of an Effective Community-Research-Practice Partnership in Rainier Beach, Seattle. In: Stokes, R., Gill, C. (eds) Innovations in Community-Based Crime Prevention. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43635-3_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43635-3_5
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-43634-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-43635-3
eBook Packages: Law and CriminologyLaw and Criminology (R0)