Abstract
The nephrotic syndrome always indicates a glomerular disorder. Extent of tubular damage should be assessed in the nephrotic syndrome. Severe acute tubular damage may be a sign of renal vein thrombosis. In adults with the nephrotic syndrome, membranous nephropathy, segmental sclerosing disorders, and minimal change nephropathy are usually the commonest findings. Diabetic glomerulopathy, lupus nephritis, and amyloid often account for nearly all other biopsy specimens in adults with the nephrotic syndrome. Acute post infective glomerulonephritis and subendothelial membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis may be found, especially in developing countries. In those children with the nephrotic syndrome who have a biopsy, most have either minimal change nephropathy or a segmental sclerosing disorder.
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Further Reading: Nephrotic Syndrome
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Howie AJ. Diagnosis of amyloid using Congo red. In: Picken MM, Herrera GA, Dogan A, editors. Amyloid and related disorders. Surgical pathology and clinical correlations. Cham: Humana Press; 2015. p. 197–211. This gives details of the physical optics of Congo red-stained amyloid.
Howie AJ. Origins of a pervasive, erroneous idea: the “green birefringence” of Congo red-stained amyloid. Int J Exp Pathol. 2019;100:208–21. This also gives details of the physical optics of Congo red-stained amyloid and describes how “green (and apple green) birefringence” came into widespread use.
Howie AJ. Genetic studies of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis: a waste of scientific time? Pediatr Nephrol. 2020;35:9–16.
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Howie, A.J. (2020). Indication for Biopsy: Nephrotic Syndrome. In: Handbook of Renal Biopsy Pathology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-40939-5_6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-40939-5_6
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