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Biological Treatment of Agro-Industrial Waste

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Valorisation of Agro-industrial Residues – Volume I: Biological Approaches

Abstract

Agro-industrial waste is mostly composed of lignocellulosic biomass, which is inexpensive, renewable, and abundant. It provides a unique natural resource for cost-effective bioenergy collection. Agro-industries generate a wide number of waste products either in the form of solid or liquid. The production of agro-industrial waste is growing worldwide and these wastes cannot be disposed of directly on the ground without any treatment, as they will cause serious environmental concerns. The problem of disposal and management of these wastes is a major issue especially in developing countries nowadays. Hence these agro-industrial waste must be treated before discharging or reuse for other purposes by effective methods. The conventional methods require the use of harsh and toxic chemicals with high processing cost and high waste management cost. In serious consideration of the worldwide economic and environmental pollution issues, there has been increasing research interest in the management of the agro-industrial waste proposing value-added green technologies. Biological treatment is seen as one of the promising green biotechnologies that gives less harm to the environment while balance out the ecosystem. The biological treatment utilizes microorganisms mainly from the bacterial and fungal species to cope with the issue raised and also act as bioremediation. This chapter begins with an overview of agro-industrial waste and further describes a number of biological treatments performed together with its advantages and disadvantages. This chapter finally deals with the possibility of creating a sustainable practice in industries processing agricultural products. Several suggestions and recommendations for future considerations are also thoroughly highlighted. The ultimate goal of this biological treatment chapter is to prepare the agricultural waste for a cleaner process toward a better and safer product.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Engineering, School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia

    Nur Izyan Wan Azelee, Nor Hasmaliana Abdul Manas & Daniel Joe Dailin

  2. Institute of Bioproduct Development (IBD), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia

    Nur Izyan Wan Azelee & Daniel Joe Dailin

  3. Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP), Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia

    Aizi Nor Mazila Ramli

  4. Faculty of Chemical and Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia

    Shalyda Md Shaarani

  5. Bio Aromatic Research Centre of Excellence, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Kuantan, Pahang, Darul Makmur, Malaysia

    Aizi Nor Mazila Ramli

Authors
  1. Nur Izyan Wan Azelee
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  2. Nor Hasmaliana Abdul Manas
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  3. Daniel Joe Dailin
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  4. Aizi Nor Mazila Ramli
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  5. Shalyda Md Shaarani
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Correspondence to Nur Izyan Wan Azelee .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of Chemical and Energy Eng, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia

    Zainul Akmar Zakaria

  2. Department of Biological Sciences, Nicholls State University, Thibodaux, LA, USA

    Ramaraj Boopathy

  3. PROIMI - CONICET, Tucuman, Argentina

    Julian Rafael Dib

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Azelee, N.I.W., Manas, N.H.A., Dailin, D.J., Ramli, A.N.M., Shaarani, S.M. (2020). Biological Treatment of Agro-Industrial Waste. In: Zakaria, Z., Boopathy, R., Dib, J. (eds) Valorisation of Agro-industrial Residues – Volume I: Biological Approaches. Applied Environmental Science and Engineering for a Sustainable Future. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39137-9_3

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