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Microenvironment in Cardiac Tumor Development: What Lies Beyond the Event Horizon?

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Tumor Microenvironments in Organs

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 1226))

Abstract

Cardiac tumors are found in less than 1% of adult and pediatric autopsies. More than three-fourths of primary cardiac neoplasms are benign, with myxomas and rhabdomyomas being the most common cardiac tumors seen in adults and children, respectively. Primary malignant cardiac tumors are extremely rare, whereas metastatic lesions can be seen in approximately 8% of patients dying from cancer. Attempting to understand why the heart is so resistant to carcinogenesis and which fail-safe mechanisms malfunction when cardiac tumors do develop is particularly challenging considering the rarity of these tumors and the fact that when relevant clinical studies are published, they rarely focus on molecular pathogenesis. Apart from cancer cells, solid tumors are comprised of a concoction of noncancerous cells, and extracellular matrix constituents, which along with pH and oxygen levels jointly constitute the so-called tumor microenvironment (TME). In the present chapter, we explore mechanisms through which TME may influence cardiac carcinogenesis.

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Author information

Author notes

  1. Dr. Konstantinos S. Mylonas and Dr. Ioannis A. Ziogas contributed equally and share first-authorship.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. First Department of Surgery, Laikon General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece

    Konstantinos S. Mylonas

  2. Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA

    Ioannis A. Ziogas

  3. Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, NY, USA

    Dimitrios V. Avgerinos

Authors
  1. Konstantinos S. Mylonas
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  2. Ioannis A. Ziogas
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  3. Dimitrios V. Avgerinos
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Columbia University Medical Center, Department of Radiology, New York, NY, USA, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Department of Pathology, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil

    Alexander Birbrair

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Mylonas, K.S., Ziogas, I.A., Avgerinos, D.V. (2020). Microenvironment in Cardiac Tumor Development: What Lies Beyond the Event Horizon?. In: Birbrair, A. (eds) Tumor Microenvironments in Organs. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 1226. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36214-0_4

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