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The Intestinal Tumour Microenvironment

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Tumor Microenvironments in Organs

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 1226))

Abstract

The tumour microenvironment (TME) of intestinal tumours is highly complex and comprises a network of stromal cells, tumour cells, immune cells and fibroblasts, as well as microorganisms. The tumour location, environmental factors and the tumour cells themselves influence the cells within the TME. Immune cells can destroy tumour cells and are associated with better patient prognosis and response to therapy; however, immune cells are highly plastic and easily influenced to instead promote tumour growth. The interaction between local immune cells and the microbiome can lead to progression or regression of intestinal tumours. In this chapter, we will discuss how tumour development and progression can influence, and be influenced by, the microenvironment surrounding it, focusing on immune and fibroblastic cells, and the intestinal microbiota, particularly in the context of colorectal cancer.

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Abbreviations

AJCC:

American Joint Committee on Cancer

APC:

Adenomatous polyposis coli

BLIMP-1:

B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein 1

B-RAF:

Rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma

BTF:

Bacteroides fragilis toxin

CAF:

Cancer-associated fibroblast

CCL:

C-C motif chemokine ligand

CCR:

C-C motif chemokine receptor

CD:

Cluster of differentiation

CIN:

Chromosomal instability

CMS:

Consensus molecular subtypes

CRC:

Colorectal cancer

CTLA-4:

Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4

CXCR2:

C-X-C chemokine receptor 2

DC:

Dendritic cell

dMMR:

Mismatch repair deficient

DFS:

Disease-free survival

ECM:

Extracellular matrix

EGF:

Epidermal growth factor

EGFR:

Epidermal growth factor receptor

FADa:

Adhesin A

FAP:

Fibroblast activation protein

FOXP3:

Forkhead box P3

GEF:

Guanine nucleotide exchange factor

GLUT1:

Glucose transporter 1

IFNγ:

Interferon gamma

IL-:

Interleukin

iNOS:

Inducible nitric oxide synthase

KRAS:

Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog

LCRC:

Left-sided colorectal cancer

MHC:

Major histocompatibility complex

MMP:

Matrix metalloprotease

MMR:

Mismatch repair

MSI:

Microsatellite instability

NK:

Natural killer

OS:

Overall survival

p53:

Tumour protein 53

PBMC:

Peripheral blood mononuclear cell

PD-1:

Programmed cell death protein 1

PD-L1:

Programmed death-ligand 1

PIK3CA:

Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha

RCRC:

Right-sided colorectal cancer

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

SCFA:

Short-chain fatty acids

TAM:

Tumour-associated macrophages

TAN:

Tumour-associated neutrophil

TCR:

T-cell receptor

TGFα:

Transforming growth factor alpha

TGFβ:

Transforming growth factor beta

TIAM1:

T-lymphoma invasion and metastasis-inducing protein 1

TIGIT:

T-cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains

TME:

Tumour microenvironment

TNM:

Tumour node metastasis

Treg:

Regulatory T cell

VCAM:

Vascular cell adhesion molecule

VEGF:

Vascular endothelial growth factor

αSMA:

Alpha smooth muscle actin

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  1. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand

    J. K. H. Leman, L. Munoz-Erazo & R. A. Kemp

  2. Maurice Wilkins Centre for Biodiscovery, Auckland, New Zealand

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    Alexander Birbrair

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Leman, J.K.H., Munoz-Erazo, L., Kemp, R.A. (2020). The Intestinal Tumour Microenvironment. In: Birbrair, A. (eds) Tumor Microenvironments in Organs. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 1226. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36214-0_1

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