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Soil and Crop Health Management for the Cultivation of Pigeon Pea: An Overview of Management Practices

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Management of Fungal Pathogens in Pulses

Part of the book series: Fungal Biology ((FUNGBIO))

Abstract

Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L. Millsp.) is one of the leading pulses crops of India under the Leguminaceae family. It is grown as an annual and perennial crop under rainfed conditions, mostly in less fertile or marginal areas intercrop with cereals and oilseeds. The circumstances under which the crop is cultivated pose a major barrier for the crop, making it sensitive to abiotic and biotic stresses, and a key drawback in the maximum yield potential. Among the abiotic stresses, temperature, soil acidity, salinity, drought, waterlogging, etc. cause severe yield losses, and major biotic stresses include diseases like wilt, Phytophthora blight, Alternaria blight, etc. The crop is also susceptible to various parasitic nematodes, viz. Meloidogyne javanica, Heterodera cajani, Rotylenchus sp., etc. Pigeon pea has the specialty of biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) and efficiently establishes symbiosis with Bradyrhizobium spp. even though the crop is a promiscuous legume. This symbiosis provides more than 90% of nitrogen requirement for the crop depending on the conduciveness of the growing environment, variety of crop and type of soil. To be productive, the crop also requires neutral to slightly acidic soil conditions, and the potential yield is significantly reduced under extreme conditions of acidity, basicity or salinity, drought, etc. As the saying goes, “When the soil is deficient, the plants also are deficient and weakened, and they lose their defenses” (Charlotte Gerson). So, maintaining the soil health by supplying all the essential nutrients in the form of organic or inorganic manures is crucial for the crop to remain healthy and productive. Therefore, the efficient and improved practices of nutrient management like an application of cross-inoculants’ group-specific biofertilizers, enriched compost, liming of acid soils or gypsum application in alkaline soils can be practised for sustaining the soil health. Deep summer ploughing, soil solarization, biopesticides, etc. are some of the pathogen management practices for maintaining the health of the crop and, thus, reduction in yield losses.

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Acknowledgements

The author is thankful to ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Nagaland Centre, Jharnapani, Medziphema, Nagaland 797 106 for the facilities and the financial support.

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  1. ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Nagaland Centre, Jharnapani, Nagaland, India

    Christy B. K. Sangma

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biotechnology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram, India

    Bhim Pratap Singh

  2. Department of Botany, College Veng, Pachhunga University College, Aizawl, Mizoram, India

    Garima Singh

  3. Division of Crop Protection, Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Krishna Kumar

  4. Pearl Millet Pathology Laboratory, University of Mysore, Mysore, India

    S. Chandra Nayak

  5. Division of Plant Pathology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India

    N. Srinivasa

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Sangma, C.B.K. (2020). Soil and Crop Health Management for the Cultivation of Pigeon Pea: An Overview of Management Practices. In: Singh, B., Singh, G., Kumar, K., Nayak, S., Srinivasa, N. (eds) Management of Fungal Pathogens in Pulses. Fungal Biology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-35947-8_9

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