Abstract
Learning production rules from continuous data streams, e.g. surgical videos, is a challenging problem. To learn production rules, we present a novel framework consisting of deep learning models and inductive logic programming (ILP) system for learning surgical workflow entities that are needed in subsequent surgical tasks, e.g. “what kind of instruments will be needed in the next step?” As a prototypical scenario, we analyzed the Robot-Assisted Partial Nephrectomy (RAPN) workflow. To verify our framework, first consistent and complete rules were learnt from the video annotations which can classify RAPN surgical workflow and temporal sequence at high-granularity e.g. steps. After we found that RAPN workflow is hierarchical, we used combination of learned predicates, presenting workflow hierarchy, to predict the information on the next step followed by a classification of step sequences with deep learning models. The predicted rules on the RAPN workflow was verified by an expert urologist and conforms with the standard workflow of RAPN.
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Acknowledgement
This research is funded by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s H2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No. 742671 “ARS”). This work was supported by European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No. 732515 “SMARTsurg”).
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Nakawala, H. et al. (2020). Toward a Neural-Symbolic Framework for Automated Workflow Analysis in Surgery. In: Henriques, J., Neves, N., de Carvalho, P. (eds) XV Mediterranean Conference on Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing – MEDICON 2019. MEDICON 2019. IFMBE Proceedings, vol 76. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-31635-8_192
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-31635-8_192
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