Abstract
Nowadays, electro-Fenton and photoelectro-Fenton are considered two of the best electrochemical advanced oxidation processes to ensure fast degradation of organic pollutants and inactivation of toxic pathogens. Despite their apparent simplicity, two critical factors must be carefully controlled in order to enhance the production of •OH from homogeneous Fenton’s reaction: the H2O2 electrogeneration from cathodic O2 reduction, and the characteristics of metal species employed to catalyze the quick decomposition of H2O2. In conventional electrochemical Fenton-based systems, the cathodes are made of either raw carbon powder or massive carbon pieces since these materials are known to promote the two-electron reduction of O2 to yield H2O2, whereas Fe(II) or Fe(III) salts are added to allow homogeneous catalysis at optimum pH ~3. On the basis of this concept, good progress has been made when working with nanomaterials because the increased specific surface area provides: (i) more active cathode surfaces to produce H2O2; (ii) better heterogeneous catalysts, which may react to a larger extent with H2O2, within a wider pH range; (iii) a larger absorption of photons, promoting photoreduction and photooxidation reactions; and (iv) a larger area to adsorb pollutants that can be further degraded. As will be discussed in this chapter, most of the work has addressed the use of pristine, functionalized, and decorated nanocarbons as cathodes; the synthesis of nanocatalysts containing iron since this is the best metal for Fenton’s reaction; and the preparation of nanostructured anodes.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ai Z, Mei T, Liu J, Li J, Jia F, Zhang L, Qiu J (2007) Fe@Fe2O3 core–shell nanowires as an iron reagent. 3. Their combination with CNTs as an effective oxygen-fed gas diffusion electrode in a neutral electro-Fenton system. J Phys Chem C 111(40):14799–14803. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp073617c
Almeida LC, Silva BF, Zanoni MVB (2014) Combined photoelectrocatalytic/electro-Fenton process using a Pt/TiO2NTs photoanode for enhanced degradation of an azo dye: a mechanistic study. J Electroanal Chem 734:43–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2014.09.035
Almeida LC, Silva BF, Zanoni MVB (2015) Photoelectrocatalytic/photoelectro-Fenton coupling system using a nanostructured photoanode for the oxidation of a textile dye: kinetics study and oxidation pathway. Chemosphere 136:63–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.04.042
Babaei-Sati R, Parsa JB (2017) Electrogeneration of H2O2 using graphite cathode modified with electrochemically synthesized polypyrrole/MWCNT nanocomposite for electro-Fenton process. J Ind Eng Chem 52:270–276. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2017.03.056
Babuponnusami A, Muthukumar K (2012) Removal of phenol by heterogenous photo electro Fenton-like process using nano-zero valent iron. Sep Purif Technol 98:130–135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2012.04.034
Baiju A, Gandhimathi R, Ramesh ST, Nidheesh PV (2018) Combined heterogeneous electro-Fenton and biological process for the treatment of stabilized landfill leachate. J Environ Manag 210:328–337. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.01.019
Bañuelos JA, García-Rodríguez O, Rodríguez-Valadez FJ, Godínez LA (2015) Electrochemically prepared iron-modified activated carbon electrodes for their application in electro-Fenton and photoelectro-Fenton processes. J Electrochem Soc 162(9):E154–E159. https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0581509jes
Barros WRP, Alves SA, Franco PC, Steter JR, Rocha RS, Lanza MRV (2014a) Electrochemical degradation of tartrazine dye in aqueous solution using a modified gas diffusion electrode. J Electrochem Soc 161(9):H438–H442. https://doi.org/10.1149/2.015409jes
Barros WRP, Franco PC, Steter JR, Rocha RS, Lanza MRV (2014b) Electro-Fenton degradation of the food dye amaranth using a gas diffusion electrode modified with cobalt (II) phthalocyanine. J Electroanal Chem 722–723:46–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2014.03.027
Brillas E, Sirés I (2018) Chapter 11 - Hybrid and sequential chemical and electrochemical processes for water decontamination. In: Martínez-Huitle CA, Rodrigo MA, Scialdone O (eds) Electrochemical water and wastewater treatment. Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, pp 267–304. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-813160-2.00011-0
Brillas E, Sirés I, Oturan MA (2009) Electro-Fenton process and related electrochemical technologies based on Fenton’s reaction chemistry. Chem Rev 109(12):6570–6631. https://doi.org/10.1021/cr900136g
Carneiro JF, Rocha RS, Hammer P, Bertazzoli R, Lanza MRV (2016) Hydrogen peroxide electrogeneration in gas diffusion electrode nanostructured with Ta2O5. Appl Catal A 517:161–167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2016.03.013
Chai G-L, Hou Z, Ikeda T, Terakura K (2017) Two-electron oxygen reduction on carbon materials catalysts: mechanisms and active sites. J Phys Chem C 121(27):14524–14533. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b04959
Chen C-Y, Tang C, Wang H-F, Chen C-M, Zhang X, Huang X, Zhang Q (2016a) Oxygen reduction reaction on graphene in an electro-Fenton system: in situ generation of H2O2 for the oxidation of organic compounds. ChemSusChem 9(10):1194–1199. https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.201600030
Chen W, Yang X, Huang J, Zhu Y, Zhou Y, Yao Y, Li C (2016b) Iron oxide containing graphene/carbon nanotube based carbon aerogel as an efficient E-Fenton cathode for the degradation of methyl blue. Electrochim Acta 200:75–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2016.03.044
Cheng M, Lai C, Liu Y, Zeng G, Huang D, Zhang C, Qin L, Hu L, Zhou C, Xiong W (2018) Metal-organic frameworks for highly efficient heterogeneous Fenton-like catalysis. Coord Chem Rev 368:80–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccr.2018.04.012
Choe YJ, Byun JY, Kim SH, Kim J (2018) Fe3S4/Fe7S8-promoted degradation of phenol via heterogeneous, catalytic H2O2 scission mediated by S-modified surface Fe2+ species. Appl Catal B 233:272–280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2018.03.110
Chu Y, Zhang D, Liu L, Qian Y, Li L (2013) Electrochemical degradation of m-cresol using porous carbon-nanotube-containing cathode and Ti/SnO2–Sb2O5–IrO2 anode: kinetics, byproducts and biodegradability. J Hazard Mater 252–253:306–312. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.03.018
Čolić V, Yang S, Révay Z, Stephens IEL, Chorkendorff I (2018) Carbon catalysts for electrochemical hydrogen peroxide production in acidic media. Electrochim Acta 272:192–202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2018.03.170
Dias EM, Petit C (2015) Towards the use of metal–organic frameworks for water reuse: a review of the recent advances in the field of organic pollutants removal and degradation and the next steps in the field. J Mater Chem A 3(45):22484–22506. https://doi.org/10.1039/C5TA05440K
Ding X, Ai Z, Zhang L (2012) Design of a visible light driven photo-electrochemical/electro-Fenton coupling oxidation system for wastewater treatment. J Hazard Mater 239–240:233–240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.08.070
Ding X, Ai Z, Zhang L (2014) A dual-cell wastewater treatment system with combining anodic visible light driven photoelectro-catalytic oxidation and cathodic electro-Fenton oxidation. Sep Purif Technol 125:103–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2014.01.046
Ding X, Wang S, Shen W, Mu Y, Wang L, Chen H, Zhang L (2017) Fe@Fe2O3 promoted electrochemical mineralization of atrazine via a triazinon ring opening mechanism. Water Res 112:9–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2017.01.024
El-Kacemi S, Zazou H, Oturan N, Dietze M, Hamdani M, Es-Souni M, Oturan MA (2017) Nanostructured ZnO-TiO2 thin film oxide as anode material in electrooxidation of organic pollutants. Application to the removal of dye Amido black 10B from water. Environ Sci Pollut Res 24(2):1442–1449. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-7920-6
Es’haghzade Z, Pajootan E, Bahrami H, Arami M (2017) Facile synthesis of Fe3O4 nanoparticles via aqueous based electro chemical route for heterogeneous electro-Fenton removal of azo dyes. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 71:91–105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtice.2016.11.015
Esquivel K, Arriaga LG, Rodríguez FJ, Martínez L, Godínez LA (2009) Development of a TiO2 modified optical fiber electrode and its incorporation into a photoelectrochemical reactor for wastewater treatment. Water Res 43(14):3593–3603. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2009.05.035
Félix-Navarro RM, Beltrán-Gastélum M, Salazar-Gastélum MI, Silva-Carrillo C, Reynoso-Soto EA, Pérez-Sicairos S, Lin SW, Paraguay-Delgado F, Alonso-Núñez G (2013) Pt–Pd bimetallic nanoparticles on MWCNTs: catalyst for hydrogen peroxide electrosynthesis. J Nanopart Res 15:1802. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-013-1802-3
Ganiyu SO, Le TXH, Bechelany M, Esposito G, van Hullebusch ED, Oturan MA, Cretin M (2017) A hierarchical CoFe-layered double hydroxide modified carbon-felt cathode for heterogeneous electro-Fenton process. J Mater Chem A 5(7):3655–3666. https://doi.org/10.1039/C6TA09100H
Ganiyu SO, Zhou M, Martínez-Huitle CA (2018) Heterogeneous electro-Fenton and photoelectro-Fenton processes: a critical review of fundamental principles and application for water/wastewater treatment. Appl Catal B 235:103–129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2018.04.044
Garcia-Rodriguez O, Lee YY, Olvera-Vargas H, Deng F, Wang Z, Lefebvre O (2018) Mineralization of electronic wastewater by electro-Fenton with an enhanced graphene-based gas diffusion cathode. Electrochim Acta 276:12–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2018.04.076
Garcia-Segura S, Brillas E (2017) Applied photoelectrocatalysis on the degradation of organic pollutants in wastewaters. J Photochem Photobiol C 31:1–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2017.01.005
Garrido-Ramírez EG, Marco JF, Escalona N, Ureta-Zañartu MS (2016) Preparation and characterization of bimetallic Fe–Cu allophane nanoclays and their activity in the phenol oxidation by heterogeneous electro-Fenton reaction. Microporous Mesoporous Mater 225:303–311. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2016.01.013
He Z, Gao C, Qian M, Shi Y, Chen J, Song S (2014) Electro-Fenton process catalyzed by Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles for degradation of C.I. reactive blue 19 in aqueous solution: operating conditions, influence, and mechanism. Ind Eng Chem Res 53(9):3435–3447. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie403947b
Huang B, Qi C, Yang Z, Guo Q, Chen W, Zeng G, Lei C (2017) Pd/Fe3O4 nanocatalysts for highly effective and simultaneous removal of humic acids and Cr(VI) by electro-Fenton with H2O2 in situ electro-generated on the catalyst surface. J Catal 352:337–350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcat.2017.06.004
Jinisha R, Gandhimathi R, Ramesh ST, Nidheesh PV, Velmathi S (2018) Removal of rhodamine B dye from aqueous solution by electro-Fenton process using iron-doped mesoporous silica as a heterogeneous catalyst. Chemosphere 200:446–454. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.02.117
Khataee A, Hasanzadeh A (2017) Modified cathodes with carbon-based nanomaterials for electro-Fenton process. In: Zhou M, Oturan MA, Sirés I (eds) Electro-Fenton process: new trends and scale-up. Springer, Singapore, pp 111–143. https://doi.org/10.1007/698_2017_74
Khataee AR, Zarei M (2011) Photocatalysis of a dye solution using immobilized ZnO nanoparticles combined with photoelectrochemical process. Desalination 273(2–3):453–460. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2011.01.066
Khataee AR, Zarei M, Asl SK (2010) Photocatalytic treatment of a dye solution using immobilized TiO2 nanoparticles combined with photoelectro-Fenton process: optimization of operational parameters. J Electroanal Chem 648(2):143–150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2010.07.017
Khataee AR, Safarpour M, Zarei M, Aber S (2012) Combined heterogeneous and homogeneous photodegradation of a dye using immobilized TiO2 nanophotocatalyst and modified graphite electrode with carbon nanotubes. J Mol Catal A Chem 363–364:58–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcata.2012.05.016
Khataee A, Marandizadeh H, Vahid B, Zarei M, Joo SW (2013) Combination of photocatalytic and photoelectro-Fenton/citrate processes for dye degradation using immobilized N-doped TiO2 nanoparticles and a cathode with carbon nanotubes: central composite design optimization. Chem Eng Process 73:103–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cep.2013.07.007
Khataee AR, Fathinia M, Zarei M, Izadkhah B, Joo SW (2014) Modeling and optimization of photocatalytic/photoassisted-electro-Fenton like degradation of phenol using a neural network coupled with genetic algorithm. J Ind Eng Chem 20(4):1852–1860. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2013.08.042
Khataee A, Sajjadi S, Hasanzadeh A, Vahid B, Joo SW (2017) One-step preparation of nanostructured martite catalyst and graphite electrode by glow discharge plasma for heterogeneous electro-Fenton like process. J Environ Manag 199:31–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.04.095
Le TXH, Bechelany M, Lacour S, Oturan N, Oturan MA, Cretin M (2015) High removal efficiency of dye pollutants by electron-Fenton process using a graphene based cathode. Carbon 94:1003–1011. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2015.07.086
Le TXH, Bechelany M, Cretin M (2017) Advances in carbon felt material for electro-Fenton process. In: Zhou M, Oturan MA, Sirés I (eds) Electro-Fenton process: new trends and scale-up. Springer, Singapore, pp 145–173. https://doi.org/10.1007/698_2017_55
Li XZ, Zhao BX, Wang P (2007) Degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol in aqueous solution by a hybrid oxidation process. J Hazard Mater 147(1–2):281–287. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.12.077
Li J, Ai Z, Zhang L (2009) Design of a neutral electro-Fenton system with Fe@Fe2O3/ACF composite cathode for wastewater treatment. J Hazard Mater 164(1):18–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.07.109
Li H, Lei H, Chen K, Yao C, Zhang X, Leng Q, Wang W (2011) A nano-Fe0/ACF cathode applied to neutral electro-Fenton degradation of Orange II. J Chem Technol Biotechnol 86(3):398–405. https://doi.org/10.1002/jctb.2530
Li Y, Han J, Mi X, Mi X, Li Y, Zhang S, Zhan S (2017) Modified carbon felt made using Ce xA1-xO2 composites as a cathode in electro-Fenton system to degrade ciprofloxacin. RSC Adv 7(43):27065–27078. https://doi.org/10.1039/C7RA03302H
Li X, Li H, Li M, Li C, Sun D, Lei Y, Yang B (2018) Preparation of a porous boron-doped diamond/Ta electrode for the electrocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants. Carbon 129:543–551. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2017.12.052
Liang L, An Y, Zhou M, Yu F, Liu M, Ren G (2016) Novel rolling-made gas-diffusion electrode loading trace transition metal for efficient heterogeneous electro-Fenton-like. J Environ Chem Eng 4(4):4400–4408. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2016.10.006
Liang L, Yu F, An Y, Liu M, Zhou M (2017) Preparation of transition metal composite graphite felt cathode for efficient heterogeneous electro-Fenton process. Environ Sci Pollut Res 24(2):1122–1132. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-7389-3
Lin W-C, Chen C-H, Tang H-Y, Hsiao Y-C, Pan JR, Hu C-C, Huang C (2013) Electrochemical photocatalytic degradation of dye solution with a TiO2-coated stainless steel electrode prepared by electrophoretic deposition. Appl Catal B 140–141:32–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2013.03.032
Liu Y, Chen S, Quan X, Yu H, Zhao H, Zhang Y (2015a) Efficient mineralization of perfluorooctanoate by electro-Fenton with H2O2 electro-generated on hierarchically porous carbon. Environ Sci Technol 49(22):13528–13533. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b03147
Liu Y, Quan X, Fan X, Wang H, Chen S (2015b) High-yield electrosynthesis of hydrogen peroxide from oxygen reduction by hierarchically porous carbon. Angew Chem Int Ed 127(23):6941–6945. https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.201502396
Liu T, Wang K, Song S, Brouzgou A, Tsiakaras P, Wang Y (2016) New electro-Fenton gas diffusion cathode based on nitrogen-doped graphene@carbon nanotube composite materials. Electrochim Acta 194:228–238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2015.12.185
Luo M, Yuan S, Tong M, Liao P, Xie W, Xu X (2014) An integrated catalyst of Pd supported on magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles: simultaneous production of H2O2 and Fe2+ for efficient electro-Fenton degradation of organic contaminants. Water Res 48:190–199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2013.09.029
Martínez-Huitle CA, Rodrigo MA, Sirés I, Scialdone O (2015) Single and coupled electrochemical processes and reactors for the abatement of organic water pollutants: a critical review. Chem Rev 115(24):13362–13407. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00361
Moreira FC, Boaventura RAR, Brillas E, Vilar VJP (2017) Electrochemical advanced oxidation processes: a review on their application to synthetic and real wastewaters. Appl Catal B 202:217–261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2016.08.037
Mousset E, Ko ZT, Syafiq M, Wang Z, Lefebvre O (2016a) Electrocatalytic activity enhancement of a graphene ink-coated carbon cloth cathode for oxidative treatment. Electrochim Acta 222:1628–1641. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2016.11.151
Mousset E, Wang Z, Hammaker J, Lefebvre O (2016b) Physico-chemical properties of pristine graphene and its performance as electrode material for electro-Fenton treatment of wastewater. Electrochim Acta 214:217–230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2016.08.002
Mousset E, Wang Z, Hammaker J, Lefebvre O (2017a) Electrocatalytic phenol degradation by a novel nanostructured carbon fiber brush cathode coated with graphene ink. Electrochim Acta 258:607–617. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2017.11.104
Mousset E, Weiqi VH, Kai BFY, Koh JS, Tng JW, Wang Z, Lefebvre O (2017b) A new 3D-printed photoelectrocatalytic reactor combining the benefits of a transparent electrode and the Fenton reaction for advanced wastewater treatment. J Mater Chem A 5(47):24951–24964. https://doi.org/10.1039/C7TA08182K
Oturan MA, Aaron J-J (2014) Advanced oxidation processes in water/wastewater treatment: principles and applications. A review. Crit Rev Environ Sci Technol 44(23):2577–2641. https://doi.org/10.1080/10643389.2013.829765
Özcan A, Özcan AA, Demirci Y, Şener E (2017) Preparation of Fe2O3 modified kaolin and application in heterogeneous electro-catalytic oxidation of enoxacin. Appl Catal B 200:361–371. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2016.07.018
Pajootan E, Arami M, Rahimdokht M (2014) Discoloration of wastewater in a continuous electro-Fenton process modified graphite electrode with multi-walled carbon nanotubes/surfactant. Sep Purif Technol 130:34–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2014.04.025
Paz EC, Aveiro LR, Pinheiro VS, Souza FM, Lima VB, Silva FL, Hammer P, Lanza MRV, Santos MC (2018) Evaluation of H2O2 electrogeneration and decolorization of Orange II azo dye using tungsten oxide nanoparticle-modified carbon. Appl Catal B 232:436–445. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2018.03.082
Peng Q, Zhao H, Qian L, Wang Y, Zhao G (2015) Design of a neutral photo-electro-Fenton system with 3D-ordered macroporous Fe2O3/carbon aerogel cathode: high activity and low energy consumption. Appl Catal B 174–175:157–166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2015.02.031
Peralta-Hernández JM, Meas-Vong Y, Rodríguez FJ, Chapman TW, Maldonado MI, Godínez LA (2006) In situ electrochemical and photo-electrochemical generation of the Fenton reagent: a potentially important new water treatment technology. Water Res 40(9):1754–1762. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2006.03.004
Pizzutilo E, Kasian O, Choi CH, Cherevko S, Hutchings GJ, Mayrhofer KJJ, Freakley SJ (2017) Electrocatalytic synthesis of hydrogen peroxide on Au-Pd nanoparticles:from fundamentals to continuous production. Chem Phys Lett 683:436–442. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2017.01.071
Plakas KV, Sklari SD, Yiankakis DA, Sideropoulos GT, Zaspalis VT, Karabelas AJ (2016) Removal of organic micropollutants from drinking water by a novel electro-Fenton filter: pilot-scale studies. Water Res 91:183–194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2016.01.013
Poza-Nogueiras V, Rosales E, Pazos M, Sanromán MÁ (2018) Current advances and trends in electro-Fenton process using heterogeneous catalysts – a review. Chemosphere 201:399–416. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.03.002
Ramírez J, Godínez LA, Méndez M, Meas Y, Rodríguez FJ (2010) Heterogeneous photo-electro-Fenton process using different iron supporting materials. J Appl Electrochem 40(10):1729–1736. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10800-010-0157-z
Ramírez G, Recio FJ, Herrasti P, Ponce-de-León C, Sirés I (2016) Effect of RVC porosity on the performance of PbO2 composite coatings with titanate nanotubes for the electrochemical oxidation of azo dyes. Electrochim Acta 204:9–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2016.04.054
Recio FJ, Herrasti P, Sirés I, Kulak AN, Bavykin DV, Ponce-de-León C, Walsh FC (2011) The preparation of PbO2 coatings on reticulated vitreous carbon for the electro-oxidation of organic pollutants. Electrochim Acta 56(14):5158–5165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2011.03.054
Rezgui S, Amrane A, Fourcade F, Assadi A, Monser L, Adhoum N (2018) Electro-Fenton catalyzed with magnetic chitosan beads for the removal of Chlordimeform insecticide. Appl Catal B 226:346–359. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2017.12.061
Ridruejo C, Alcaide F, Álvarez G, Brillas E, Sirés I (2018) On-site H2O2 electrogeneration at a CoS2-based air-diffusion cathode for the electrochemical degradation of organic pollutants. J Electroanal Chem 808:364–371. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2017.09.010
Rostamizadeh M, Jafarizad A, Gharibian S (2018) High efficient decolorization of reactive red 120 azo dye over reusable Fe-ZSM-5 nanocatalyst in electro-Fenton reaction. Sep Purif Technol 192:340–347. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2017.10.041
Roth H, Gendel Y, Buzatu P, David O, Wessling M (2016) Tubular carbon nanotube-based gas diffusion electrode removes persistent organic pollutants by a cyclic adsorption – electro-Fenton process. J Hazard Mater 307:1–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.12.066
Shen L, Yan P, Guo X, Wei H, Zheng X (2014) Three-dimensional electro-Fenton degradation of methylene blue based on the composite particle electrodes of carbon nanotubes and nano-Fe3O4. Arab J Sci Eng 39(9):6659–6664. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-014-1184-6
Siahrostami S, Verdaguer-Casadevall A, Karamad M, Deiana D, Malacrida P, Wickman B, Escudero-Escribano M, Paoli EA, Frydendal R, Hansen TW, Chorkendorff I, Stephens IEL, Rossmeisl J (2013) Enabling direct H2O2 production through rational electrocatalyst design. Nat Mater 12:1137–1143. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat3795
Sirés I, Low CTJ, Ponce-de-León C, Walsh FC (2010) The deposition of nanostructured β-PbO2 coatings from aqueous methanesulfonic acid for the electrochemical oxidation of organic pollutants. Electrochem Commun 12(1):70–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elecom.2009.10.038
Sirés I, Brillas E, Oturan MA, Rodrigo MA, Panizza M (2014) Electrochemical advanced oxidation processes: today and tomorrow. A review. Environ Sci Pollut Res 21(14):8336–8367. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-2783-1
Sklari SD, Plakas KV, Petsi PN, Zaspalis VT, Karabelas AJ (2015) Toward the development of a novel electro-Fenton system for eliminating toxic organic substances from water. Part 2. Preparation, characterization, and evaluation of iron-impregnated carbon felts as cathodic electrodes. Ind Eng Chem Res 54(7):2059–2073. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie5048779
Tian J, Olajuyin AM, Mu T, Yang M, Xing J (2016a) Efficient degradation of rhodamine B using modified graphite felt gas diffusion electrode by electro-Fenton process. Environ Sci Pollut Res 23(12):11574–11583. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-6360-7
Tian J, Zhao J, Olajuyin AM, Sharshar MM, Mu T, Yang M, Xing J (2016b) Effective degradation of rhodamine B by electro-Fenton process, using ferromagnetic nanoparticles loaded on modified graphite felt electrode as reusable catalyst: in neutral pH condition and without external aeration. Environ Sci Pollut Res 23(15):15471–15482. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-6721-2
Wang Y, Zhao G, Chai S, Zhao H, Wang Y (2013) Three-dimensional homogeneous ferrite-carbon aerogel: one pot fabrication and enhanced electro-Fenton reactivity. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 5(3):842–852. https://doi.org/10.1021/am302437a
Wang Y, Liu Y, Liu T, Song S, Gui X, Liu H, Tsiakaras P (2014) Dimethyl phthalate degradation at novel and efficient electro-Fenton cathode. Appl Catal B 156–157:1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2014.02.041
Wang Q, Zhou S, Xiao S, Wei F, Zhao X, Qu J, Wang H (2018) Novel perovskite-based composites, La1-xNdxFeO3@activated carbon, as efficient catalysts for the degradation of organic pollutants by heterogeneous electro-Fenton reactions. RSC Adv 8(27):14775–14786. https://doi.org/10.1039/C8RA00244D
Xie YB, Li XZ (2006) Interactive oxidation of photoelectrocatalysis and electro-Fenton for azo dye degradation using TiO2–Ti mesh and reticulated vitreous carbon electrodes. Mater Chem Phys 95(1):39–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2005.05.048
Xu X, Liao P, Yuan S, Tong M, Luo M, Xie W (2013) Cu-catalytic generation of reactive oxidizing species from H2 and O2 produced by water electrolysis for electro-Fenton degradation of organic contaminants. Chem Eng J 233:117–123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2013.08.046
Yang W, Zhou M, Cai J, Liang L, Ren G, Jiang L (2017) Ultrahigh yield of hydrogen peroxide on graphite felt cathode modified with electrochemically exfoliated graphene. J Mater Chem A 5(17):8070–8080. https://doi.org/10.1039/C7TA01534H
Yang S, Verdaguer-Casadevall A, Arnarson L, Silvioli L, Čolić V, Frydendal R, Rossmeisl J, Chorkendorff I, Stephens IEL (2018a) Toward the decentralized electrochemical production of H2O2: a focus on the catalysis. ACS Catal 8(5):4064–4081. https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.8b00217
Yang W, Zhou M, Liang L (2018b) Highly efficient in-situ metal-free electrochemical advanced oxidation process using graphite felt modified with N-doped graphene. Chem Eng J 338:700–708. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2018.01.013
Zarei M, Khataee AR, Ordikhani-Seyedlar R, Fathinia M (2010) Photoelectro-Fenton combined with photocatalytic process for degradation of an azo dye using supported TiO2 nanoparticles and carbon nanotube cathode: neural network modeling. Electrochim Acta 55(24):7259–7265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2010.07.050
Zhang X, Fu J, Zhang Y, Lei L (2008) A nitrogen functionalized carbon nanotube cathode for highly efficient electrocatalytic generation of H2O2 in electro-Fenton system. Sep Purif Technol 64(1):116–123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2008.07.020
Zhang G, Wang S, Yang F (2012) Efficient adsorption and combined heterogeneous/homogeneous Fenton oxidation of amaranth using supported nano-FeOOH as cathodic catalysts. J Phys Chem C 116(5):3623–3634. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp210167b
Zhang G, Zhou Y, Yang F (2015a) FeOOH-catalyzed heterogeneous electro-Fenton system upon anthraquinone@graphene nanohybrid cathode in a divided electrolytic cell: catholyte-regulated catalytic oxidation performance and mechanism. J Electrochem Soc 162(6):H357–H365. https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0691506jes
Zhang C, Zhou M, Ren G, Yu X, Ma L, Yang J, Yu F (2015b) Heterogeneous electro-Fenton using modified iron–carbon as catalyst for 2,4-dichlorophenol degradation: influence factors, mechanism and degradation pathway. Water Res 70:414–424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2014.12.022
Zhang C, Zhou M, Yu X, Ma L, Yu F (2015c) Modified iron-carbon as heterogeneous electro-Fenton catalyst for organic pollutant degradation in near neutral pH condition: characterization, degradation activity and stability. Electrochim Acta 160:254–262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2015.01.092
Zhang Y, Gao M, Wang S-G, Zhou W, Sang Y, Wang X-H (2017) Integrated electro-Fenton process enabled by a rotating Fe3O4/gas diffusion cathode for simultaneous generation and activation of H2O2. Electrochim Acta 231:694–704. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2017.02.091
Zhang Z, Meng H, Wang Y, Shi L, Wang X, Chai S (2018) Fabrication of graphene@graphite-based gas diffusion electrode for improving H2O2 generation in electro-Fenton process. Electrochim Acta 260:112–120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2017.11.048
Zhao H, Qian L, Guan X, Wu D, Zhao G (2016) Continuous bulk FeCuC aerogel with ultradispersed metal nanoparticles: an efficient 3D heterogeneous electro-Fenton cathode over a wide range of pH 3−9. Environ Sci Technol 50(10):5225–5233. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b00265
Zhao H, Wang Q, Chen Y, Tian Q, Zhao G (2017) Efficient removal of dimethyl phthalate with activated iron-doped carbon aerogel through an integrated adsorption and electro-Fenton oxidation process. Carbon 124:111–122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2017.08.034
Zhao H, Qian L, Chen Y, Wang Q, Zhao G (2018a) Selective catalytic two-electron O2 reduction for onsite efficient oxidation reaction in heterogeneous electro-Fenton process. Chem Eng J 332:486–498. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2017.09.093
Zhao K, Su Y, Quan X, Liu Y, Chen S, Yu H (2018b) Enhanced H2O2 production by selective electrochemical reduction of O2 fluorine-doped hierarchically porous carbon. J Catal 357:118–126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcat.2017.11.008
Zhou L, Zhou M, Hu Z, Bi Z, Groenen Serrano K (2014) Chemically modified graphite felt as an efficient cathode in electro-Fenton for p-nitrophenol degradation. Electrochim Acta 140:376–383. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2014.04.090
Zhou M, Oturan MA, Sirés I (eds) (2018) Electro-Fenton process: new trends and scale-up. The handbook of environmental chemistry, vol 61, 1st edn. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6406-7
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Sirés, I., Brillas, E. (2020). The Use of Nanomaterials in Electro-Fenton and Photoelectro-Fenton Processes. In: Filip, J., Cajthaml, T., Najmanová, P., Černík, M., Zbořil, R. (eds) Advanced Nano-Bio Technologies for Water and Soil Treatment. Applied Environmental Science and Engineering for a Sustainable Future. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29840-1_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29840-1_11
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-29839-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-29840-1
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)