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21st Century Virology: Critical Steps

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Global Virology III: Virology in the 21st Century

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Abstract

Modernization and refurbishing virology are rapidly advancing as we embark the third decade of the 21st Century. This is needed so as to deepen the impact of the global public health establishment on disease reduction and improvement in well-being. One of the worst global scenarios has occurred, despite alerts and caveats from scientist, namely, global warming, with severe consequences, which promote lower levels of health, lapses in care, vector spread, and provides complementary alternative evolutionary pathways for disease proliferation and progression.

This chapter approaches the application of equations and computer-related intelligence to the study of biological viruses and summarizes certain theoretical advances in our understanding of energy and order/disorder (entropy), which are essential for advances in virology. This chapter further promotes advances in virology that are essential for fundamental attacks on vial infectious disease, therapy, and vaccines. (Computer as well as biological viruses are mentioned, because of their syzygy of yoked integral understanding.)

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), West Nile virus (WNV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), Human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV).

  2. 2.

    An overlapping code would wreak havoc on such calculations!

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Acknowledgements

Conversations with Dr. G. Baumslag (Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, NJ), Dr. C. Smith (Princeton University, Princeton, NJ), and A. Pellionisz (Mountainview, CA) are acknowledged.

Conflicts of Interest

The author reports no conflicts of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tampa General Hospital, USF Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA

    Paul Shapshak

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  1. Paul Shapshak
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Correspondence to Paul Shapshak .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA

    Paul Shapshak

  2. Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India

    Seetharaman Balaji

  3. Biomedical Informatics 17, Irulan Sandy Annex, Pondicherry, Pondicherry, India

    Pandjassarame Kangueane

  4. Oral Biology and Medicine, CHS 63-090, UCLA School of Dentistry Oral Biology and Medicine, CHS 63-090, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Francesco Chiappelli

  5. Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA

    Charurut Somboonwit

  6. Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA

    Lynette J. Menezes

  7. Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA

    John T. Sinnott

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Shapshak, P. (2019). 21st Century Virology: Critical Steps. In: Shapshak, P., et al. Global Virology III: Virology in the 21st Century. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29022-1_22

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