Abstract
The artificial seed technology is one of the most important tools to plant scientist working with in vitro cultures. Encapsulation can provide a source of aseptic explant material that can be used if stock plants or in vitro cultures become infected with microorganisms. Moreover, the application of artificial seeds allows to maintain gene collections, which cannot be stored in liquid nitrogen. Up-to-date several studies on 13 Asteraceae genera were performed. It was found that synthetic seeds are suitable for medium-term storage under refrigeration conditions; however, long storage periods often lead to viability loss. The composition of the ideal gel matrix depends on the species and explant type. In general, however, the artificial endosperm should be supplemented with Murashige and Skoog (1962) salts and sucrose for in vitro germination. As for the recovery medium, the presence of benzyl adenine is beneficial. Also direct sowing of synseeds to ex vitro conditions is possible, provided that the artificial endosperm does not contain any organic compounds. The performed studies confirmed the stability of plants recovered from artificial seeds on the genetic, cytogenetic, biochemical, and phenotypic levels. Further research should be carried out to standardize optimum storage technique for better results and to prolong the artificial seeds viability.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Abraham J, Thomas TD (2016) Recent advances in Asteraceae tissue culture. In: Anis M, Ahmad N (eds) Plant tissue culture: propagation, conservation and crop improvement. Springer, Singapore, pp 161–195. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-1917-3_9
Achika JI, Arthur DE, Gerald I, Adedayo A (2014) A review on the phytoconstituents and related medicinal properties of plants in the Asteraceae family. J Appl Chem 7:01–08
Alatar A, Faisal M (2012) Encapsulation of Rauvolfia tetraphylla microshoots as artificial seeds and evaluation of genetic fidelity using RAPD and ISSR markers. J Med Plants Res 6(7):1367–1374. https://doi.org/10.5897/JMPR11.1632
Alatar AA, Ahmad N, Javed SB, Abdel-Salam EM, Basahi R, Faisal M (2017) Two-way germination system of encapsulated clonal propagules of Vitex trifolia L.: an important medicinal plant. J Hortic Sci Biotechnol 92(2):175–182. https://doi.org/10.1080/14620316.2016.1234949
Ali A, Gull I, Majid A, Saleem A, Naz S, Naveed NH (2012) In vitro conservation and production of vigorous and desiccate tolerant synthetic seeds in Stevia rebaudiana. J Med Plants Res 6(7):1327–1333. https://doi.org/10.5897/JMPR11.1443
Andlib A, Verma RN, Batra A (2011) Synthetic seeds an alternative source for quick regeneration of a zero calorie herb – Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni. J Pharm Res 4(7):2007–2009
Bisht VK, Purohit V (2010) Medicinal and aromatic plants diversity of Asteraceae in Uttarakhand. Nat Sci 6:121–128
Devi CB, Mahendran I, Wesley SP, Shibu SB, Vertivel P, Malligavathi D (2012) Micropropagation of Acmella calva using encapsulated in vitro nodal explants. J Trop Med Plants 13(1):33–41
Gamborg OL, Miller RA, Ogima K (1968) Nutrient requirements of suspension cultures of soyabean root cells. Exp Cell Res 50:151
Gantait S, Kundu S, Ali N, Sahu NC (2015) Synthetic seed production of medicinal plants: a review on influence of explants, encapsulation agent and matrix. Acta Physiol Plant 37:39. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-015-1847-2
Geetha R, Gopal GV (2009) Germination of encapsulated synthetic seeds from Glossocardia bosvallea. Int J Plant Sci 1:94–97
Geetha R, Gopal GV, Niranjan MH (2009) In vitro response of encapsulated shoot tips of Spilanthes acmella. J Basic Appl Biol 3(1&2):82–86
Hung CD, Dung CD (2015) Production of chrysanthemum synthetic seeds under non-aseptic conditions for direct transfer to commercial greenhouses. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 122:639–648. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-015-0797-0
Jamuna S, Paulsamy S, Karthika K (2014) Phytochemical analysis and evaluation of leaf and root parts of the medicinal herb, Hypochaeris radicata L. for in vitro antioxidant activities. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 4(1):S359–S367. https://doi.org/10.12980/APJTB.4.2014C1030
Jeon SM, Arun M, Lee S-Y, Kim CK (2015) Application of encapsulation-vitrification in combination with air dehydration enhances cryotolerance of Chrysanthemum morifolium shoots tips. Sci Hortic 194:91–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2015.07.035
Kakita H, Kamishima H (2008) Some properties of alginate gels derived from algal sodium alginate. J Appl Phycol 20(5):543–549. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-008-9317-5
Kamińska M, Gołębiewski M, Tretyn A, Trejgell A (2018) Efficient long-term conservation of Taraxacum pieninicum synthetic seeds in slow growth conditions. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 132:469–478. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-017-1343-z
Khan K, Sharma T, Misra P, Shukla PK, Singh Y, Ramteke PW (2013) Production of plantlets on different substrates from encapsulated in vitro nodal explants of Stevia rebaudiana. Int J Rec Sci Res 4(3):211–215
Kulus D (2015a) Selected aspects of ornamental plants micropropagation in Poland and worldwide. Life Sci 4(10):10–25. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.1.5086.8082
Kulus D (2015b) Application of cryopreservation for Chrysanthemum genetic resources conservation. Acta Hort 1087:225–232. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.1.2081.6488
Kulus D (2016) Application of cryogenic technologies and somatic embryogenesis in the storage and protection of valuable genetic resources of ornamental plants. In: Mujib A (ed) Somatic embryogenesis in ornamentals and its applications. Springer, New Delhi, pp 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2683-3_1
Kulus D (2018) Effect of various preculture, pretreatment and recovery conditions on the morphogenetic response of cryopreserved chrysanthemum ‘Lady Orange’ shoot tips. Turk J Biol 42:76–86. https://doi.org/10.3906/biy-1711-47
Kulus D, Abratowska A (2017) CRYO conservation of Ajania pacifica (Nakai) Bremer et Humphries via encapsulation-dehydration technique. CryoLett 38(5):387–398
Kulus D, Zalewska M (2014a) Cryopreservation as a tool used in long-term storage of ornamental species – a review. Sci Hortic 168:88–107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2014.01.014
Kulus D, Zalewska M (2014b) In vitro plant recovery from alginate encapsulated Chrysanthemum × grandiflorum /Ramat./ Kitam. shoot tips. Prop Ornam Plants 14(1):3–12
Kulus D, Abratowska A, Mikuła A (2018) Morphogenetic response of shoot tips to cryopreservation by encapsulation-dehydration in a solid mutant and periclinal chimeras of Chrysanthemum × grandiflorum /Ramat./ Kitam. Acta Physiol Plant 40:18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-017-2593-4
Kundu S, Salma U, Ali N, Mandal N (2018) Conservation, ex vitro direct regeneration, and genetic uniformity assessment of alginate-encapsulated nodal cuttings of Sphagneticola calendulacea (L.) Pruski. Acta Physiol Plant 40:53. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-018-2633-8
Lata H, Chandra S, Wang YH, El Sohly MA, Khan IA (2014) In vitro germplasm conservation of elite Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni. Acta Hortic 1039:303–308. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2014.1039.38
Lynch TP (2002) Plant tissue culture workshop, 3rd–5th September. University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur
Miler N, Zalewska M (2014) Somaclonal variation of chrysanthemum propagated in vitro from different explant types. Acta Sci Pol Hort Cult 13(2):69–82
Murashige T (1977) Plant cell and organ culture as horticultural practice. Acta Hortic 78:17–30. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.1977.78.1
Murashige T, Skoog F (1962) A revised medium for rapid growth and bio assays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol Plant 15:473–497. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1962.tb08052.x
Nic-Can GI, Galaz-Ávalos RM, De-la-Peña C, Alcazar-Magaña A, Wróbel K, Loyola-Vargas VM (2015) Somatic embryogenesis: identified factors that lead to embryogenic repression. A case of species of the same genus. PLoS One 10(6):e0126414. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0126414
Nitsch JP, Nitsch C (1969) Haploid plants from pollen grains. Science 163:85–87. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.163.3862.85
Nower AA (2014) In vitro propagation and synthetic seeds production: an efficient methods for Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni. Sugar Tech 16(1):100–108. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12355-013-0228-7
Pinker I, Abdel-Rahman SSA (2005) Artificial seeds for propagation of Dendranthema × grandiflora (Ramat). Prop Ornam Plants 5(4):186–191
Ray A, Bhattacharya S (2010) Storage and conversion of Eclipta alba synseeds and RAPD analysis of the converted plantlets. Biol Plant 54(3):547–550
Reddy MC, Rama Murthy KS, Pullaiah T (2012) Synthetic seeds: a review in agriculture and forestry. Afr J Biotechnol 11(78):14254–14275. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJB12.770
Rihan HZ, Kareem F, El-Mahrouk ME, Fuller MF (2017) Artificial seeds (principle, aspects and applications). Agronomy 7:71. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy7040071
Schenk RU, Hildebrandt AC (2002) Medium and techniques for induction and growth of monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plant cell cultures. Can J Bot 50:199–204
Senguttuvan J, Subramaniam P (2014) In vitro regeneration of Hypochaeris radicata L. from sodium alginate-encapsulated synthetic seeds. Ruhuna J Sci 5:16–30
Sharma S, Shahzad A (2014) Synseed production in Spilanthes mauritiana DC. for short-term storage and germplasm exchange. Brit Biotechnol J 4(6):696–707
Sharma S, Shahzad A, Sahai A (2009a) Artificial seeds for propagation and preservation of Spilanthes acmella (L.) Murr., a threatened pesticidal plant species. Int J Plant Dev Biol 3(1):62–65
Sharma S, Shahzad A, Jan N, Sahai A (2009b) In vitro studies on shoot regeneration through various explants and alginate-encapsulated nodal segments of Spilanthes mauritiana DC., an endangered medicinal herb. Int J Plant Dev Biol 3(1):56–61
Singh M, Chaturvedi R (2010) Improved clonal propagation of Spilanthes acmella Murr. for production of scopoletin. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 103:243–253. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-010-9774-9
Singh SK, Rai MK, Asthana P, Pandcy S, Jaiswal VS, Jaiswal U (2009) Plant regeneration from alginate-encapsulated shoot tips of Spilanthes acmella (L.) Murr., a medicinally important and herbal pesticidal plant species. Acta Physiol Plant 31:649–653. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-008-0250-7
Singh SK, Rai MK, Asthana P, Sahoo L (2010) Alginate-encapsulation of nodal segments for propagation, short-term conservation and germplasm exchange and distribution of Eclipta alba (L.). Acta Physiol Plant 32:607–610. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-009-0444-7
Srivstava V, Khan SA, Banerjee S (2009) An evaluation of genetic fidelity of encapsulated microshoots of the medicinal plant: Cineraria maritima following six months of storage. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 99:193–198. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-009-9593-z
Sudarshana MS, Rajashekar N, Niranjan MH, Borzabad RK (2013) In vitro regeneration of multiple shoots from encapsulated somatic embryos of Artemisia vulgaris L. J Pharm Biol Sci 6(6):11–15
Sujatha G, Kumari BDR (2008) Micropropagation, encapsulation and growth of Artemisia vulgaris node explants for germplasm preservation. South Afr J Bot 74(1):93–100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2007.09.002
Taha RM, Hasbullah NA, Awal A (2009) Production of synthetic seeds from micro shoots and somatic embryos of Gerbera jamesonii Bolus ex. Hook f. Acta Hort 829:91–98. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2009.829.12
Teixeira da Silva JA, Kulus D (2014) Chrysanthemum biotechnology: discoveries from the recent literature. Folia Hortic 26(2):67–77
Wang F-Y, Tang N, Ben A-L (2011) Study on the preparation technique on synthetic seeds of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz. Med Plant 2(11):45–50
Zalewska M, Kulus D (2013) Cryopreservation of in vitro-grown shoot tips of Chrysanthemum by encapsulation-dehydration. Folia Hortic 25(2):133–140
Zalewska M, Kulus D (2014) Improvement of Chrysanthemum × grandiflorum /Ramat./Kitam. encapsulation-dehydration cryopreservation protocol. Acta Sci Pol Hort Cult 13(2):97–108
Zalewska M, Tymoszuk A, Miler N (2011) New Chrysanthemum cultivars as a result of in vitro mutagenesis with the application of different explant types. Acta Sci Pol Hort Cult 10(2):109–123
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Kulus, D. (2019). Application of Synthetic Seeds in Propagation, Storage, and Preservation of Asteraceae Plant Species. In: Faisal, M., Alatar, A. (eds) Synthetic Seeds . Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-24631-0_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-24631-0_6
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-24630-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-24631-0
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)