Skip to main content

Digitalisation and Thriving Within the Contested Terrain of Intersections of Gender, Race, Education and Class Inequalities in the South African Context

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Thriving in Digital Workspaces

Abstract

A large body of research has examined antecedents, mechanisms and consequences of human thriving within the workplace and across the lifespan. This research has examined individual and demographic differences and contextual factors and their implications for fostering or inhibiting thriving. More recently, there has been an interest expressed in examining such antecedents and their mechanisms and consequences, specifically within the context of digitalised workspaces. At present, South Africa is on the cusp of forays into the digitalisation of the workplace and very little research exists on the topic. Of particular interest within the South African context would be an examination of factors that could serve to thwart thriving in digitalised workspaces. In particular, structural inequalities in South African society and the intersections of various demographic differences such as gender, race, education and class status may serve to thwart thriving in Industry 4.0 . This chapter aims to explore these factors and their relevance and implications for human thriving in Industry 4.0 . Further, possible interventions that could mitigate these factors and promote human thriving within South African workplaces in the era of digitalisation will be proposed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 159.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Albertyn, C. (2003). Women and the transition to democracy in South Africa. Johannesburg: Wits University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Albertyn, C. (2007). Feminism and the law. In C. Roederer & D. Moellendorf (Eds.), Jurisprudence (pp. 291–326). Landsdowne, SA: Juta & Company Ltd.

    Google Scholar 

  • Arntz, M., Gregory, T., & Zierahn, U. (2016). The risk of automation for jobs in OECD countries. OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers. OECD: Paris.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baines, S., & Gelder, U. (2003). What is family friendly about the workplace in the home? The case of self employed parents and their children. New Technology, Work and Employment, 18(3), 223–234.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baker, P., Friel, S., Kay, A., Baum, F., Strazdins, L., & Mackean, T. (2018). What enables and constrains the inclusion of the social determinants of health inequities in government policy agendas? A narrative review. International Journal of Health Policy and Management, 7(2), 101–111.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bergvall-Kareborn, B., & Howcroft, D. (2013). ‘The future’s bright, the future’s mobile’: A study of Apple and Google mobile application developers. Work, Employment and Society, 27(6), 964–981.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bernstein, C. (2013). The relationship between patterns of sex role identity, work stress, social support and wellbeing in South African female managers. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bernstein, C., & Osman, R. (2012). Graduateness as a contested idea: Navigating expectations between higher education, employers and graduates. In M. Coetzee, J. A. Botha, N. Eccles, H. Nienaber, & N. Holzhausen (Eds.), Developing student graduateness and employability (pp. 45–64).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bhengu, T., Cele, N., & Menon, K. (2006). Value for money and quality in higher education. South African Journal of Higher Education, 20(1), 843–858.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blankenship, K. M. (1998). A race, class, and gender analysis of thriving. Journal of Social Issues, 54(2), 393–404.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brown, D. J., Arnold, R., Fletcher, D., & Standage, M. (2017). Human thriving. European Psychologist.

    Google Scholar 

  • Butler-Adam, J. (2018, May/June). The Fourth Industrial Revolution and education. South African Journal of Science, 114(5/6).

    Google Scholar 

  • Campbell, I., & Price, R. (2016). Precarious work and precarious workers: Towards an improved conceptualisation. The Economic and Labour Relations Review, 27(3), 314–332.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carmeli, A., & Spreitzer, G. M. (2009). Trust, connectivity, and thriving: Implications for innovative behaviors at work. The Journal of Creative Behavior, 43(3), 169–191.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chandola, T., Booker, C.L., Kumari, M., & Benzeval, M. (2019). Are flexible work arrangements associated with lower levels of chronic stress-related biomarkers? A study of 6025 employees in the UK household longitudinal study. Sociology, 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1177/0038038519826014.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cilliers J. (2018, April). Made in Africa: Manufacturing and the fourth industrial revolution. Institute of Security Studies. Africa in the World Report.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coetzee, M., Botha, J., Eccles, N., Nienaber, H., & Holtzhausen, N. (Ed.). (2012). Developing student graduateness and employability: Issues, provocations, theory and practical guidelines.

    Google Scholar 

  • Danaher, J. (2017). Will life be worth living in a world without work? Technological unemployment and the meaning of life. Journal of Science and Engineering Ethics, 23, 41–64.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • DePasquale, N., Polenick, C. A., Davis, K. D., Moen, P., Hammer, L. B., & Almeida, D. M. (2017). The psychosocial implications of managing work and family caregiving roles: Gender differences among information technology professionals. Journal of Family Issues, 38(11), 1495–1519.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Diggins, C. A. (2011). Examining intersectionality: The conflation of race, gender, and class in individual and collective identities. Student Pulse, 3(03). Retrieved from http://www.studentpulse.com/a?id=417.

  • Dlamini, J. (2013). The impact of the intersection of race, gender and class on women CEOs’ lived experiences and career progression: Strategies for gender transformation at leadership level in corporate South Africa. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, University of South Africa.

    Google Scholar 

  • Driver, M. (2002). The learning organization: Foucaualdian gloom or Utopian sunshine? Human Relations, 55(1).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eurofound. (2015). New forms of employment. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eurofound and the International Labour Office. (2017). Working anytime, anywhere: The effects on the world of work. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union and the Geneva: International Labour Office.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fielden, S. L., & Cooper, C. L. (2002). Managerial stress: Are women more at risk? In D. L. Nelson & R. J. Burke (Eds.), Gender, work stress and health, (pp. 19–34). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

    Google Scholar 

  • Friel, S. (2014). Inequities in the freedom to lead a flourishing and healthy life: Issues for healthy public policy. International Journal of Health Policy Management, 3, 161–163. https://doi.org/10.15171/ijhpm.2014.82.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ganster, D. C., & Rosen, C. C. (2013). Work stress and employee health: A multidisciplinary review. Journal of Management, 39(5), 1085–1122.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gardner, P. (2017). Flourishing in the face of constant disruption: Cultivating the T-professional or adaptive innovator through WIL. In T. Bowen & M. T. B. Drysdale (Eds.), Work-integrated learning in the 21st century—(International perspectives on education and society) (Vol. 32, pp. 69–81). Emerald Publishing Limited.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gibson, C. J., Li, Y., Inslicht, S. S., Seal, K. H., & Byers, A. L. (2018). Gender differences in cardiovascular risk related to diabetes and posttraumatic stress disorder. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 26(12), 1268–1272.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Griesel, H., & Parker, B. (2009). Graduate attributes. A baseline study on South African graduates from the perspective of employers. Higher Education South Africa and the South African Qualifications Authority (pp. 1–28). Presented at the 21st Annual AEAA Conference: Cape Town, 25–30 August.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gyllensten, K., & Palmer, S. (2005). The relationship between coaching and workplace stress: A correlational study. International Journal of Health Promotion and Education, 43(3), 97–103.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hillbrecht, M., Shaw, S.M., Johnson, L.C., & Andrey, J. (2008). ‘I’m home for the kids’: Contradictory implications for work-life balance of teleworking mothers. Gender, Work & Organizations, 15(5), 454–476.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hurtado, A. (1989). Relating to privilege: Seduction and rejection in the subordination of white women and women of color. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 14, 833–855.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ickovics, J. R., & Park, C. L. (1998). Paradigm shift: Why a focus on health is important. Journal of Social Issues, 54, 237–244.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Johannsen, J. (2018). Automation, innovation and economic crisis: Surviving the fourth industrial revolution. New York: Routledge.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, J., Greaves, L., & Repta, R. (2007). Better science with sex and gender: A primer for health research (pp. 1–30). Vancouver: Women’s Health Research Network.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kozák, Š., Ružický, E., Štefanovič, J., & Schindler, F. (2018, January). Research and education for industry 4.0: Present development. Cybernetics & Informatics (K&I) (pp. 1–8). IEEE.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal and coping. New York: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, J. (2006). Men, women, work, care and policies. Journal of European Social Policy, 16(4), 387–392.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lippert, A. M. (2018). Finding jobs, forming families, and stressing out? Work, family, and stress among young adult women in the United States. Social Forces. https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/soy117.

  • Loots, A. G. J. (2009). Student involvement and retention in higher education: The case for academic peer mentoring programmes for first years. Education as Change, 13(1), 211–235.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mapungubwe Institute for Strategic Reflection (MISTRA) Annual Report 2017/2018. www.mistra.org.za.

  • McDonough, P., & Walters, V. (2001). Gender and health: Reassessing patterns and explanations. Social Science and Medicine, 52, 547–559.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Milner, A., King, T., LaMontagne, A. D., Bentley, R., & Kavanaugh, A. (2018). Men’s work, women’s work, and mental health: A longitudinal investigation of the relationship between the gender composition of occupations and mental health. Social Science and Medicine, 204, 16–22.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mindell, D. A. (2015). Our robots, ourselves: Robotics and the myths of autonomy. New York, NY: Viking.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mohanty, C. T. (2003). Feminism without borders: Decolonizing theory, practising solidarity. Durham, London: Duke UP.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Nelson, D. L., & Burke, R. J. (2002). Gender, work stress and health. American Psychological Association.

    Google Scholar 

  • Niessen, C., Sonnentag, S., & Sach, F. (2012). Thriving at work—A diary study. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 33(4), 468–487.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nyberg, A., Leineweber, C., & Hanson, L. M. (2015). Gender differences in psychosocial work factors, work-personal interface, and well-being among Swedish managers and non-managers. International Archives of Occupational Environmental Health, 88, 1149–1164.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Observer Research Foundation (ORF). (2019, January). No country left behind: Sub-Saharan Africa in the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Trish Ray.

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Leary, V. E., & Ickovics, J. R. (1995). Resilience and thriving in response to challenge: an opportunity for a paradigm shift in women’s health. Women’s Health (Hillsdale, NJ), 1(2), 121–142.

    Google Scholar 

  • Patel, C. J., Govender, V., Paruk, Z., & Ramgoon, S. J. (2006). Working mothers: Family-work conflict, job performance, and family/work variables. South African Journal of Industrial Psychology, 32(2), 39–45.

    Google Scholar 

  • Paterson, T. A., Luthans, F., & Jeung, W. (2014). Thriving at work: Impact of psychological capital and supervisor support. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 35(3), 434–446.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Piasna, A., & Drahokoupil, J. (2017). Gender inequalities in the new world of work. Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research, 23(3), 313–332.

    Google Scholar 

  • Porath, C., Spreitzer, G., Gibson, C., & Garnett, F. G. (2012). Thriving at work: Toward its measurement, construct validation, and theoretical refinement. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 33(2), 250–275.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Racine, L. (2003). ‘Implementing a postcolonial feminist perspective in nursing research related to non-Western populations. Nursing Inquiry, 10(2), 91–102.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rubery, J. (2015). Change at work: Feminisation, flexibilisation, fragmentation and financialisation. Employee Relations, 37(6), 633–644.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Salguero, A. C., Martinez, J. M. A. G., & Monteoliva, A. (2008). Differences between and within genders in gender role orientation according to age and level of education. Sex Roles, 58(7/8), 535–548.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schippers, M. (2007). Recovering the feminine other: Masculinity, femininity, and gender hegemony. Theory and Society, 36(1), 85–102.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ślusarczyk, B. (2018). Industry 4.0: Are we ready? Polish Journal of Management Studies, 17.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sparks, K., & Cooper, C. L. (1999). Occupational differences in the work-strain relationship: Towards the use of situation-specific models. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 72(2), 219–229.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Spreitzer, G., Sutcliffe, K., Dutton, J., Sonenshein, S., & Grant, A. M. (2005). A socially embedded model of thriving at work. Organization Science, 16(5), 537–549.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • STATS SA, EDUCATION ENROLMENT AND ACHIEVMENT 2016 (Statistics South Africa). (2016). Education series volume III: Educational enrolment and achievement report. www.statssa.gov.za.

  • Trzebiastowski, T., & del Carmen Triana, M. (2018). Family responsibility discrimination, power distance, and emotional exhaustion: When and why there are gender differences in work-life conflict. Journal of Business Ethics, 1–15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van den Berg, H. S., & Van Zyl, E. (2008). A cross-cultural comparison of the stress experienced by high-level career women. South African Journal of Industrial Psychology, 3(3), 17–21.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wall, S. (2015). Dimensions of precariousness in an emerging sector of self-employment: A study of self-employed nurses. Gender, Work & Organization, 22(3), 221–236.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Young, M., & Schieman, S. (2018). Scaling back and finding flexibility: Gender differences in parent’s strategies to manage work-family conflict. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 80, 99–118.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Colleen Bernstein .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Bernstein, C. (2019). Digitalisation and Thriving Within the Contested Terrain of Intersections of Gender, Race, Education and Class Inequalities in the South African Context. In: Coetzee, M. (eds) Thriving in Digital Workspaces. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-24463-7_15

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics