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X-Ray Spectroscopy with XFELs

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X-ray Free Electron Lasers

Abstract

The use of XFELs in the last 10 years has produced multiple opportunities to undertake scientific questions that could not be addressed using other types of X-ray sources, in particular for femtosecond and picosecond processes and for radiation sensitive and scarce biological samples. X-ray spectroscopy, the experimental approach used in many of these studies, is well established and has been broadly used at synchrotron radiation sources worldwide for the last few decades. However to take advantage of spectroscopic tools at XFELs, synchrotron-based methods have to be adapted to the unique characteristics of the XFEL beam, like its pulsed nature and time structure, as well as the effects induced in the sample derived from these properties. In the few short years of XFEL operations, various studies relied on spectroscopic methods, both in the hard and in the soft X-ray regime. In this chapter, we will provide an inclusive review of recent XFEL spectroscopic studies on biological samples and focus on the description of the experimental aspects of such measurements. We will include a discussion on spectroscopy technique developments that are unique to XFELs with the potential to make an impact on the field.

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Acknowledgements

R. A.-M. and J.Y. acknowledge all the collaborators of the research presented in this chapter. Use of the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS), SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, is supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Contract No. DE-AC02-76SF00515. J.Y. thanks the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences of the Department of Energy under contract DE-AC02-05CH11231, and the NIH Grants GM110501 and GM055302, which contribute to supporting some of the research presented in this chapter.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA

    Roberto Alonso-Mori

  2. Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA

    Junko Yano

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  1. Roberto Alonso-Mori
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  2. Junko Yano
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Correspondence to Roberto Alonso-Mori .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA

    Sébastien Boutet

  2. School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA

    Petra Fromme

  3. SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA

    Mark S. Hunter

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Alonso-Mori, R., Yano, J. (2018). X-Ray Spectroscopy with XFELs. In: Boutet, S., Fromme, P., Hunter, M. (eds) X-ray Free Electron Lasers. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00551-1_13

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