Skip to main content

Endoscopic Evaluation in Colorectal Reoperation

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Reconstructive Surgery of the Rectum, Anus and Perineum

Abstract

This chapter defines the role of endoscopic evaluation in patients before reoperative surgery, providing complementary assessment of new imaging modalities, particularly in the assessment of recurrent cancer and in the definition of problems that may occur after anastomotic construction and neoreservoir use in inflammatory bowel disease. Assessment of the endoluminal surface by colonoscopy provides an opportunity for direct visualization of intraluminal pathology and biopsy, which assists in the diagnosis of cancer recurrence and in the surgical decisions surrounding dysplasia assessment and interpretation. This chapter outlines the approach to the use of endoscopy in these complicated patients, supporting the decision for reoperation and colorectal reconstruction along with an opportunity for colonic stenting in cases where reoperation has an attendant high risk.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 219.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 279.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Cirocco WC, Golub RW. Endoscopic treatment of postoperative hemorrhage from a stapled colorectal anastomosis. Am Surg. 1995;61:460–3.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Malik AH, East JE, Buchanan GN, Kennedy RH. Endoscopic haemostasis of staple-line haemorrhage following colorectal resection. Colorectal Dis. 2008;10:616–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Linn TY, Moran BJ, Cecil TD. Staple line haemorrhage following laparoscopic left-sided colorectal resections may be more common when the inferior mesenteric artery is preserved. Tech Coloproctol. 2008;12:289–93.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Martínez-Serrano MA, Parés D, Pera M, Pascual M, Courtier R, Egea MJ, et al. Management of lower gastrointestinal bleeding after colorectal resection and stapled anastomosis. Tech Coloproctol. 2009;13:49–53.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Ishihara S, Watanabe T, Nagawa H. Intraoperative colonoscopy for stapled anastomosis in colorectal surgery. Surg Today. 2008;38:1063–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Li VK, Wexner SD, Pulido N, Wang H, Jin HY, Weiss EG, et al. Use of routine intraoperative endoscopy in elective laparoscopic colorectal surgery: can it further avoid anastomotic failure? Surg Endosc. 2009;23:2459–65.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Perez RO, Sousa Jr A, Bresciani C, Proscurshim I, Coser R, Kiss D, et al. Endoscopic management of postoperative stapled colorectal anastomosis hemorrhage. Tech Coloproctol. 2007;1:64–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Eriksen MT, Wibe A, Norstein J, Haffner J, Wiig JN, Norwegian Rectal Cancer Group. Anastomotic leakage following routine mesorectal excision for rectal cancer in a national cohort of patients. Colorectal Dis. 2005;7:51–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Lim M, Akhtar S, Sasapu K, Harris K, Burke D, Sagar P, et al. Clinical and subclinical leaks after low colorectal anastomosis: a clinical and radiologic study. Dis Colon Rectum. 2006;49:1611–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Matthiessen P, Hallböök O, Rutegård J, Simert G, Sjödahl R. Defunctioning stoma reduces symptomatic anastomotic leakage after low anterior resection of the rectum for cancer: a randomized multicenter trial. Ann Surg. 2007;246:207–14.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Law WL, Choi HK, Lee YM, Ho JW, Seto CL. Anastomotic leakage is associated with poor long-term outcome in patients after curative colorectal resection for malignancy. J Gastrointest Surg. 2007;11:8–15.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Khan AA, Wheeler JM, Cunningham C, George B, Kettlewell M, Mortensen NJ. The management and outcome of anastomotic leaks in colorectal surgery. Colorectal Dis. 2008;10:587–92.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Fernández-Cebrián JM, Gil P, Hernández-Granados P, Fiuza C, Ochando F, Loinaz C, et al. Initial surgical experience in laparoscopic total mesorectal excision for middle and lower third rectal cancer: short-term results. Clin Transl Oncol. 2009;11:460–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Weidenhagen R, Gruetzner KU, Wiecken T, Spelsberg F, Jauch KW. Endoscopic vacuum-assisted closure of anastomotic leakage following anterior resection of the rectum: a new method. Surg Endosc. 2008;22:1818–25.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Glitsch A, von Bernstorff W, Seltrecht U, Partecke I, Paul H, Heidecke CD. Endoscopic transanal vacuum-assisted rectal drainage (ETVARD): an optimized therapy for major leaks from extraperitoneal rectal anastomoses. Endoscopy. 2008;40(3):192–9. Epub 2008 Jan.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Bemelman WA. Vacuum assisted closure in coloproctology. Tech Coloproctol. 2009;13:261–3.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Arezzo A, Miegge A, Garbarini A, Morino M. Endoluminal vacuum therapy for anastomotic leaks after rectal surgery. Tech Coloproctol. 2010;14:279–81.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. von Bernstorff W, Glitsch A, Schreiber A, Partecke LI, Heidecke CD. ETVARD (endoscopic transanal vacuum-assisted rectal drainage) leads to complete but delayed closure of extraperitoneal rectal anastomotic leakage cavities following neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2009;24:819–25.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Beunis A, Pauli S, Van Cleemput M. Anastomotic leakage of a colorectal anastomosis treated by transanal endoscopic microsurgery. Acta Chir Belg. 2008;108:474–6.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Tsereteli Z, Sporn E, Geiger TM, Cleveland D, Frazier S, Rawlings A, et al. Placement of a covered polyester stent prevents complications from a colorectal anastomotic leak and supports healing: randomized controlled trial in a large animal model. Surgery. 2008;144:786–92.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Chang SC, Lin JK, Yang SH, Jiang JK, Chen WC, Lin TC. Long-term outcome of anastomosis leakage after curative resection for mid and low rectal cancer. Hepatogastroenterology. 2003;50:1898–902.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Ptok H, Marusch F, Meyer F, Schubert D, Gastinger I, Lippert H, Study Group Colon/Rectum Carcinoma (Primary Tumour). Impact of anastomotic leakage on oncological outcome after rectal cancer resection. Br J Surg. 2007;94:1548–54.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Ganai S, Kanumuri P, Rao RS, Alexander AI. Local recurrence after transanal endoscopic microsurgery for rectal polyps and early cancers. Ann Surg Oncol. 2006;13:547–56.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Kodeda K, Holmberg E, Jörgren F, Nordgren S, Lindmark G. Rectal washout and local recurrence of cancer after anterior resection. Br J Surg. 2010;97:1589–97.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Tang L, Cai H, Moore L, Shen B. Evaluation of endoscopic and imaging modalities in the diagnosis of structural disorders of the ileal pouch. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2010;16(9):1526–31.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. De Lusong MA, Shah JN, Soetikno R, Binmoeller KF. Treatment of a completely obstructed colonic anastomotic stricture by using a prototype forward-array echoendoscope and facilitated by SpyGlass (with videos). Gastrointest Endosc. 2008;68:988–92.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Ambrosetti P, Francis K, De Peyer R, Frossard JL. Colorectal anastomotic stenosis after elective laparoscopic sigmoidectomy for diverticular disease: a prospective evaluation of 68 patients. Dis Colon Rectum. 2008;51:1345–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. McKee R, Pricolo VE. Stapled revision of complete colorectal anastomotic obstruction. Am J Surg. 2008;195:526–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Araujo SE, Costa AF. Efficacy and safety of endoscopic balloon dilation of benign anastomotic strictures after oncologic anterior rectal resection: report on 24 cases. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech. 2008;18:565–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Geiger TM, Miedema BW, Tsereteli Z, Sporn E, Thaler K. Stent placement for benign colonic stenosis: case report, review of the literature, and animal pilot data. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2008;23:1007–12.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Forshaw MJ, Maphosa G, Sankararajah D, Parker MC, Stewart M. Endoscopic alternatives in managing anastomotic strictures of the colon and rectum. Tech Coloproctol. 2006;10:21–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Shimada S, Yagi Y, Yamamoto K, Matsuda M, Baba H. Novel treatment of intractable rectal strictures associated with anastomotic leakage using a stenosis-cutting device. Int Surg. 2007;92:82–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Mukai M, Kishima K, Iizuka S, Fukumitsu H, Fukaswa M, Yazawa N, et al. Endoscopic hook knife cutting before balloon dilatation of a severe anastomotic stricture after rectal cancer resection. Endoscopy. 2009;41 Suppl 2:E193–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Morris ML, Tucker RD, Baron TH, Song LM. Electrosurgery in gastrointestinal endoscopy: principles to practice. Am J Gastroenterol. 2009;104:1563–74.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Curcio G, Spada M, di Francesco F, Tarantino I, Berrsi L, Burgio G, et al. Completely obstructed colorectal anastomosis: a new non-electrosurgical endoscopic approach before balloon dilatation. World J Gastroenterol. 2010;16:4751–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. East JE, Brooker JC, Rutter MD, Saunders BP. A pilot study of intrastricture steroid versus placebo injection after balloon dilatation of Crohn’s strictures. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2007;5:1065–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Lykke J, Meisner S. Treatment of benign postoperative anastomotic strictures of the colon and rectum with self-expanding coated plastic stents. Ugeskr Laeger. 2008;170:1255.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Janík V, Horák L, Hnaníček J, Málek J, Laasch HU. Biodegradable polydioxanone stents: a new option for therapy-resistant anastomotic strictures of the colon. Eur Radiol. 2011;21(9):1956–61.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Nguyen-Tang T, Huber O, Gervaz P, Dumonceau JM. Long-term quality of life after endoscopic dilation of strictured colorectal or colocolonic anastomoses. Surg Endosc. 2008;22:1660–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Dai Y, Chopra SS, Wysocki WM, Hünerbein M. Treatment of benign colorectal strictures by temporary stenting with self-expanding stents. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2010;25(12):1475–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Keränen I, Lepistö A, Udd M, Halttunen J, Kylänpää L. Outcome of patients after endoluminal stent placement for benign colorectal obstruction. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2010;45:725–31.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Francis Seow-Choen M.B.B.S., FRCSED, FAMS, FRES .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2013 Springer-Verlag London

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Ho, K.S., Seow-Choen, F. (2013). Endoscopic Evaluation in Colorectal Reoperation. In: Zbar, A., Madoff, R., Wexner, S. (eds) Reconstructive Surgery of the Rectum, Anus and Perineum. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84882-413-3_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84882-413-3_5

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, London

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-84882-412-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-84882-413-3

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics