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The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species and Oxidative Signaling in Retinopathy of Prematurity

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Studies on Retinal and Choroidal Disorders

Abstract

Oxidative stress has been proposed to play a role in the pathogenesis of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) for years, because of the effects of changing oxygen concentrations that occur in the preterm infant on reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, the reduced antioxidant reserve in the preterm infant, and the high concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the retina. In addition, greater evidence exists that oxidative compounds are involved in triggering angiogenesis and apoptosis, two events that have relevance to the development of features of severe ROP, namely, aberrant neovascularization into the vitreous and avascular retina. However, oxidative compounds are important as transcription factors for pathways involved in vascular development and as a first line of defense against invading microorganisms. Clinical studies designed to test the effect of antioxidants on the development of ROP have not yielded clear-cut results or have been associated with toxicity to the overall health of the preterm infant. In this chapter, we will review the role of ROS in the developing preterm infant and examine evidence from clinical studies and laboratory models.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departments of Ophthalmology and Pediatrics, Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, 65 Mario Capecchi Drive, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA

    Mary Elizabeth Hartnett

  2. Department of Ophthalmology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA

    Margaret M. DeAngelis

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  1. Mary Elizabeth Hartnett
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  2. Margaret M. DeAngelis
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Correspondence to Mary Elizabeth Hartnett .

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    Robert D. Stratton

  2. Department of Ophthalmology, University of Florida, SW Archer Road 1600, Gainesville, 32610, Florida, USA

    William W. Hauswirth

  3. Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, Wall Street 1000, Ann Arbor, 17033-2390, Michigan, USA

    Thomas W. Gardner

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Hartnett, M.E., DeAngelis, M.M. (2012). The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species and Oxidative Signaling in Retinopathy of Prematurity. In: Stratton, R., Hauswirth, W., Gardner, T. (eds) Studies on Retinal and Choroidal Disorders. Oxidative Stress in Applied Basic Research and Clinical Practice. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-606-7_28

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