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Engineering Complex Synthetic Organs

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Tissue Engineering in Regenerative Medicine

Part of the book series: Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine ((STEMCELL))

Abstract

At this time there is a substantial, and as yet unmet, demand for organs to replace nonfunctional tissues resulting from congenital defects, or to repair damaged or degenerated tissues. The field of regenerative medicine hopes to provide engineered replacement tissues in situations where our body’s regenerative capability or nonbiological mechanical devices cannot adequately replace lost physiological functions. This technology holds the promise to supply customized organs to overcome the severe shortages we currently face. Engineering synthetic organs is a complex process which necessitates careful (1) selection of cells or controlled proliferation of stem or progenitor cells to achieve appropriate numbers of cells for seeding onto biodegradable scaffolds to create cell-scaffold constructs, (2) design and selection of appropriate biodegradable or biomodifiable scaffold materials, and (3) design and construction of bioreactors to support generation of functional tissue replacements. To be successful, ongoing efforts to understand and engineer multicellular systems must continue, and new efforts to induce vascularization and integration of engineered tissues into the body will need to be developed. Current studies lead to improved understanding of how tissue systems can be integrated, as well as development of biomedical technologies not traditionally considered in tissue engineering, such as development of biohybrid organs or “bionic” devices.

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Abbreviations

COPD:

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

ECM:

Extracellular matrix

ESRD:

End-stage renal disease

FGF-2:

Fibroblast growth factor-2

FPC:

Fetal pulmonary cell

mESC:

Murine embryonic stem cell

P-SPC:

Pro-surfactant protein C

PF-127:

Pluronic F-127

PGA:

Polyglycolic acid

RAD:

Renal tubule assist device

SLPC:

Somatic lung progenitor cell

SP-A:

Surfactant protein A

SP-C:

Surfactant protein C

TTF1:

Thyroid transcription factor-1

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Acknowledgment

The authors would like to thank Kenneth D. Frohne for his photographic and editorial assistance during the preparation of this manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Regenerative and Nano-Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA

    Joan E. Nichols & Jean A. Niles

  2. Departments of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA

    Joan E. Nichols

  3. Laboratory of Regenerative and Nano-Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA

    Joaquin Cortiella

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  1. Joan E. Nichols
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  2. Jean A. Niles
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  3. Joaquin Cortiella
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Correspondence to Joan E. Nichols .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerat, Department of Pediatrics, UCSF, Cardiovascular Research Institute, 513 Parnassus Avenue HSE 1422, San Francisco, 94143, USA

    Harold S. Bernstein

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Nichols, J.E., Niles, J.A., Cortiella, J. (2011). Engineering Complex Synthetic Organs. In: Bernstein, H. (eds) Tissue Engineering in Regenerative Medicine. Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-322-6_16

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